Growth Studies with Rats Kept Under Conditions Which Prevent Coprophagy

Geyer, Robert P.; Geyer, Beverly Ransone; Derse, P. H.; Zinkin, Taya; Elvehjem, C. A.; Hart, E. B.

doi:10.1093/jn/33.2.129

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As a follow‐up to the nutritional study of coprophagy by Geyer et al. (1946), an examination of nutritional substances in growth tests under coprophagy‐prevented conditions was needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid, mineral and vitamin levels in hydrous faeces obtained from coprophagy‐prevented rats

Sukemori

Ikeda

Kurihara

et al. 2003

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Amino acid, mineral and vitamin levels in hydrous faeces obtained from coprophagy-prevented rats were examined. Two experiments were conducted with rats of different age, 4 weeks and 10 weeks. Six rats each were fed under coprophagy-prevented and coprophagy-allowed (conventional feeding) conditions, respectively. In the first experiment using 4-week-old rats, amino acid values were determined for hydrous faeces and usual faeces obtained in the above-mentioned conditions. In the second experiment using 10-week-old rats, mineral values were determined for both types of faeces. Vitamin values were determined in both experiments. In a comparison of amino acid values and their patterns, specific kinds of amino acids in hydrous faeces were not recognized as growth factors. Sodium and potassium levels in hydrous faeces were significantly higher than those for usual faeces, but those levels were 1/(18-20) of those derived from feed. Although cyanocobalamin and folic acid levels in hydrous faeces were two to three times higher than those for usual faeces, folic acid supplements from coprophagy were 1/8 of those derived from feed. Cyanocobalamin supplements from hydrous faeces were five times larger than those from feed. Therefore, it appears that cyanocobalamin was supplied by the ingestion of hydrous faeces and that this cyanocobalamin supports conventional growth in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid, mineral and vitamin levels in hydrous faeces obtained from coprophagy‐prevented rats

Sukemori

Ikeda

Kurihara

et al. 2003

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…At ages 28, 31, 35, and 38 days, animals were individually housed in metabolic cages for a 12-hour nocturnal period and the urine excreted in that time was measured and collected in Erlenmeyer bottles to minimize evaporation. Feces were not collected because of the coprophagy of rats [16] and because the prevention of coprophagy depresses the growth of the animals [17]. Food intake of animals was measured during metabolic cage housing.…”

Section: Animal Handling and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reducing Effects of a Calcium-Deficient Diet and High Sucrose Diet on Dentin Apposition of Rat Molars

et al. 2000

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A high sucrose diet reduces dentin apposition of growing rats. The mechanisms of reduction are unclear, but disturbances in calcium balance or in mineralization of predentin may explain them. In this experiment, 29 Sprague-Dawley rats, 21 days old, were weaned and randomized into calcium-deficient, high-sucrose or standard-diet groups for 3 weeks. They were given food and water ad libitum. During the experiment, animals were individually housed in metabolic cages where urine samples were collected. At ages of 21 and 40 days mineralizing dentin was marked using I.P. injections of oxytetracycline hydrochloride. At 42 days of age, the animals were anesthetized and their blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Right hemimandibles were sectioned sagittally and left hemimandibles were fixed, decalcified, and cut into histological sections. Dentin appositions were measured planimetrically, predentin width, from histological sections. Ca, K, and Na levels of serum and urine were measured flame photimetrically and P levels were measured by the UV method. Statistical analyses were done using one-way analysis of variation (ANOVA) Tuckey's HSD t test. In the calcium-deficient group, hypocalcemia, reduced dentin apposition, and increased predentin width were noticed when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Also, the increase in predentin width, caused by calcium deficiency, was significant compared with sucrose-fed animals (P<0.05). Sucrose diet reduced dentinogenesis, increased Ca excretion to urine, but also reduced urinary levels of P, K, and Na, and the differences were significant for the controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, despite the same kind of reduced dentinogenesis in calcium-deficient and high-sucrose groups, calcium imbalance or reduced mineralization of predentin does not explain reduced dentinogenesis in sucrose-fed animals.

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“…Well-established methods known to prevent coprophagy are neck collars for rabbits (Kulwich, Struglia & Person, 1953) and tail (anal) cups (Barnes, Fiala & Kwong, 1963), jackets (Armstrong & Softly, 1966), neck collars (Neale, 1984) or specially designed cages (Geiyer et al, 1947) for rats. We have studied coprophagy in the mouse (Takahashi et al, 1985;Ebino et al, 1986 Ebino et al, , 1987, but were unsuccessful in the application of a neck collar or a tail cup.…”

Section: Abstract: Mice; Coprophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for prevention of coprophagy in the mouse

Ebino

Yoshinaga²,

Saitô³

et al. 1988

Lab Anim

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SummaryA series of studies of coprophagy in mice has been conducted from the viewpoints of behaviour and nutrition. Since it was necessary to prevent coprophagy to investigate its significance, an attempt was made to devise a restrainer.A polyethylene bottle was cut and fixed to the mouse so as to prevent its head from reaching its anus when faeces were excreted. The animals were also housed in cages with floors of larger mesh size in order to let the faeces fall through. Keywords: Mice; CoprophagyCoprophagy is considered a normal habit in rabbits (Kulwich, Struglia & Person, 1953;Jilge, 1982) and rats (Barnes, Fiala & Kwong, 1963; Daft et ai., 1963), and has been proved to contribute to the animal's nutrition. The significance of coprophagy could be demonstrated provided that nutritional deficiency was produced under conditions in which an animal was prevented from eating its faeces without severe restrictions.Well-established methods known to prevent coprophagy are neck collars for rabbits (Kulwich, Struglia & Person, 1953) and tail (anal) cups (Barnes, Fiala & Kwong, 1963), jackets (Armstrong & Softly, 1966), neck collars (Neale, 1984) or specially designed cages (Geiyer et al., 1947) for rats. We have studied coprophagy in the mouse (Takahashi et al., 1985;Ebino et al., 1986 Ebino et al., , 1987, but were unsuccessful in the application of a neck collar or a tail cup. In the case of the neck collar the head of the animal was always raised upward, and both natural posture and behaviour were obstructed;When this was improved, the mouse could practise coprophagy. The tail cup often disturbed blood flow and produced ulceration in the tail at the fixation site. These changes were occasionally aggravated into necrosis or resulted in the severance of the tail at the ulcerated site.In this paper we describe a newly contrived restrainer that has been successful in preventing coprophagy in the mouse. Materials and methods Manufacture of the restrainerA polyethylene bottle of height 54 mm and diameter 27 mm was cut and used as the restrainer shown in Fig. 1. The diameter of the ring and the length and width of the restrainer were 13-15 mm, 50-55 mm and 20-30 mm respectively. A pair of holes about 1 mm in diameter were made in the posterior portion of the restrainer. Attachment of the restrainer to the mouseThe ring of the restrainer was applied to the neck of the animal which had been anaesthetized with ether. The fit of the ring round the neck was carefully controlled (Fig. 2). When the ring did not fit well, it was replaced by anothor more appropriate one. A silk suture was used to sew the restrainer to the skin through the two holes, and the restrainer was attached to the subcutis so that it was centred on the animal's back (Fig. 3). In addition, a cyan acrylate binding agent for surgical operation was deposited near the sutured sites to reinforce the fixation. The disinfectant for the silk sutures and needles was 70% alcohol, and that for the skin was 0·2% acrinol.

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Growth Studies with Rats Kept Under Conditions Which Prevent Coprophagy

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Amino acid, mineral and vitamin levels in hydrous faeces obtained from coprophagy‐prevented rats

Amino acid, mineral and vitamin levels in hydrous faeces obtained from coprophagy‐prevented rats

The Reducing Effects of a Calcium-Deficient Diet and High Sucrose Diet on Dentin Apposition of Rat Molars

A simple method for prevention of coprophagy in the mouse

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