Growth Temperature-Induced Alterations in the Thermotropic Properties of <i>Nerium oleander</i> Membrane Lipids

Raison, John K.; Pike, Carl S.; Berry, Joseph A.

doi:10.1104/pp.70.1.215

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…1) and that for the lipid transition (Fig. 2) for the three tomato ecotypes, might be attributed to the ability of the plants to acclimate, as previously noted for some other plants (14,16). While a small shift in the optimum for CO2 exchange has been noted for LA1777 when shifted from growth at 27°/18°C to 140 (18), the temperature of the lipid transition in the tomato ecotypes is not altered by growth temperature (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Sensitivity of Altitudinal Ecotypes of the Wild Tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum to Chilling Injury

Raison

Brown²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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The transition temperature of the leaf polar lipids and the critical temperature for chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis was determined for three altitudinal ecotypes of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum. Photosynthesis was measured as C02-dependent 02 evolution at 25°C after leaf slices were exposed to chilling temperatures for 2 hours at a moderate photon flux density of 450 micromoles per square meter per second. The transition temperature of the leaf polar lipids was detected from the change in the temperature coefficient of the fluorescence intensity of trans-parinaric acid. Chill-induced photoinhibition was evident in the three tomato ecotypes when they were chilled below a critical temperature of 100, 110, and 130C, respectively, for the high (LA1777), mid (LA1625), and low (LA1361) altitudinal ecotypes. The temperature differential, below the critical temperature, required to produce a 50% inhibition was also similar for the three ecotypes. A transition was detected in the leaf polar lipids of these plants at a temperature similar to that of the critical temperature for photoinhibition. The results show that the three tomato ecotypes are similar with respect to their critical temperature for chilling-induced photoinhibition and the rate of their response to the chilling stress. They are, thus, similarly sensitive to chilling.Altitudinal ecotypes of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum have been used extensively in comparative studies of the susceptibility ofplants to chilling (1,10,12,18 It is important to note that in the terminology adopted here a distinction is being made between the terms 'sensitivity' to chilling and 'response' to a chilling stress. The basis for the distinction is that described by Raison and Lyons (15). For tropical plants that are sensitive to chilling there is usually a critical temperature below which injury develops and this can vary from about 70 to 1 5C depending on the species (7, 13). For plants with a critical temperature near 15°C and chilled at 0°C the chilling stress, determined as the temperature differential below the critical temperature, will be greater than that for plants with a critical temperature near 7°C. The term response is used in relation to the time or rate of symptom development. For any plant this will depend on the chilling stress (1), the type of tissue (19), its metabolic state prior to chilling (9), the time in a day/night cycle when chilling commences, the chilling temperature (9), and a number of environmental factors such as humidity (20). From the available data, it is not clear whether the tomato ecotypes adapted to the lower temperatures at high elevation are less sensitive to chilling, i.e. have a lower critical temperature, or are more resistant to the stress and thus show a slower response.Differences have been noted in both the response and sensitivity of photosynthetic reactions of plants to chilling for a few hours at a moderate PFD of less than 500 ,umol m-2 s-' (2, 4). For plants sensitive to chilling, such as olea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The fluorescence emission parallel and perpendicular to the excitation polarizer was determined as previously described ( 14). The transition in lipid ordering, indicated by the abrupt increase in the temperature coefficient of fluorescence intensity, was determined as previously described (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Altitudinal Ecotypes of the Wild Tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum to Chilling Injury

Raison

Brown²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…The instability of the protoplasts from Mucor germlings grown at 40 ~ might thus reflect injury caused by exposure to the lower temperature(s) of 23 ~ (and 4 ~ Growth of these strains at 25 ~ might produce physiological changes conferring increased resistance of the cells (and protoplasts) to damage at these temperatures. A decrease in growth temperature is known to be paralleled by a decrease in membrane lipid phase transition temperatures in many different cell types (1,25,29,40) possibly due to the adjustment of the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid chains of the membrane phospholipids. Decreased growth temperatures have been shown to result in a decrease in the molar ratio of saturated: unsaturated fatty acids in the same cell types ( 1,25,29,32) and in the thermophilic Mucor species M. miehei and M. pusillus (39).…”

Section: Formation Of Protoplasts From Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of protoplasts from Mucor species

Heeswijck

1984

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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Methods were developed for the reproducible production of high yields of stable protoplasts from mesophilic and thermophilic strains of Mucor. This is a pre-requisite for the genetic analysis and manipulation of Mucor by cell fusion or transformation and is of special importance in these species since conventional genetic analysis by recombination studies is not feasible. The cell wall lyric enzyme used was the concentrated culture fluid of Streptomyces sp no. 6 grown on chitosan and chitin. Using germlings ofM. circinelloides f. lusitanicus the optimum conditions for protoplast formation were determined as: 0.5-1.0 rag. ml -~ streptozyme ( 1.2 units chitosanase, ml") plus 2.0 rag-ml ' novozym 234 or l%(v/v) heticase in 0.5 M-sorbitol, 0.01 M-sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 for 3-4 hours at 23 ~ Treatment of 107 ml-' germlings gave yields of up to 3x 107. ml -' protoplasts with regeneration and fusion frequencies of up to 40% and 1.7%, respectively. With the thermophilic strains growth at low temperature (25 ~ was critical for the subsequent formation of stable protoplasts. Synchronous growth and germination was obtained at this temperature by a short pre-incubation (1-3 hours) of the sporangiospores at 40 ~

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“…The membrane polar lipids of chilling-insensitive plants do not undergo a phase transition above zero (19,22). Thus, the sensitivity of a plant to chilling injury can be specified in terms of the temperature of this transition which is detectable by several physical techniques (18)(19)(20)23). This avoids the uncertainties inherent in describing the thermal response of plants based on their climatic distribution.…”

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Compositional and Thermal Properties of Thylakoid Polar Lipids of Nerium oleander L. in Relation to Chilling Sensitivity

Orr

Raison²

1987

Plant Physiol.

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The polar lipid classes from thylakoids of Nerium oleander L. were studied with the aim of relating chanes in their composition and thermal behavior with reported changes in the transition temperature of their polar lipids and chilling sensitivity of their leaves. With an increase in growth temperature, the tranition temperature of phosphatidylglycerol increased from 16°C to 26°C, and for sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol from 19°C to 24°C. Transitions in the other lipid chsses were below -10°C for plants grown at both growth temperature. The major changes in the molecular species of phosphatidylglycerol with increasing growth temperature, were an increase in 1-oleoyl-2-pahmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol from 21 to 39% and a decrease in 1-oleoyl-2-trans-3-hexadecanoic phosphatidylglycerol from 51 to 25%. Although the disaturated species increased from 8 to 23%, the mmum was less than that reported for chilling-sensitive plants. There was no change in the sum of the palmitic, hexadeca-trans-3-enoic and stearic acids. Dipalmitoyl sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol increased from 12 to 20% and 1-linolenoyl-2-palmitoyl sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol decreased from 40 to 30%. It is concluded that the increase in the transition temperature of the polar lipids and the sensitivity of acclimated oleander plants to chilling could not be predicted by the absolute sum of the saturated fatty acids or disaturated molecular species in phosphatidylglycerol. The polar lipid transition appears to be a product of mixing of both high and low melting-point lipids.Plants which are sensitive to chilling show symptoms of injury when exposed to low, but nonfreezing temperatures (the chilling range, 15-0°C). The critical temperature below which this injury develops correlates with that of a phase transition in the polar lipids from membranes of these plants (18,19,22). The membrane polar lipids of chilling-insensitive plants do not undergo a phase transition above zero (19,22). Thus, the sensitivity of a plant to chilling injury can be specified in terms of the temperature of this transition which is detectable by several physical techniques (18-20, 23

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Growth Temperature-Induced Alterations in the Thermotropic Properties of Nerium oleander Membrane Lipids

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Sensitivity of Altitudinal Ecotypes of the Wild Tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum to Chilling Injury

Sensitivity of Altitudinal Ecotypes of the Wild Tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum to Chilling Injury

The formation of protoplasts from Mucor species

Compositional and Thermal Properties of Thylakoid Polar Lipids of Nerium oleander L. in Relation to Chilling Sensitivity

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