Growth, uptake and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus, and absorption of other minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein

Abstract

An experiment with 0.2-kg Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar in saltwater was conducted to determine if the ®sh could grow normally, and maintain normal nitrogen (N) and mineral balance when fed a diet with the majority of the protein (75%) derived from soy-protein concentrate (SPC). The two diets contained 50% SPC and 15% ®sh meal (FM) or 60% FM as the sources of protein. No calcium phosphate was added to the diets in order to assess the availability of P from the ingredients. A second aim was to investigate if wholebody concentrations of essential elements and growth were related in individual salmon.Growth (SGR 0.88±0.89) was similar in salmon fed the two diets, and the ®sh nearly doubled their body weights during the 84 days of feeding. Feed conversion was more ecient for the FM diet (0.81 kg intake kg )1 gain) than for the SPC diet (0.89 kg kg )1 ). The intake of N was similar, faecal loss of N was lower, while the metabolic N excretion was greater in the ®sh fed the FM than the SPC diet. This resulted in a total excretion of 35.4 g N kg )1 gain for the salmon fed the FM diet and 35.5 g N for the ®sh fed the SPC diet. Both the intake, faecal and metabolic excretion of P were higher in the ®sh fed the FM diet than the SPC diet, resulting in a total excretion of 10.5 g P kg )1 gain for the FM diet and 7.2 g P for the SPC diet. Whole-body concentrations of Ca, Mg, P and Zn were lower in the ®sh fed the SPC diet, while the Ca±P ratio was decreased, both when compared with the ®sh at the start of the experiment, and the ®sh fed the FM diet. The dierences in elemental composition were ascribed to a combination of reduced availability of elements due to phytic acid and lower concentration of elements in the SPC than in the FM. No reduction in growth of individual ®sh, which could be ascribed to reduced availability of essential elements, was seen. KEY WORDS

Energy dilution with α-cellulose in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) juveniles — Effects on growth, feed intake, liver size and digestibility of nutrients

“…Plant ingredients like soybean meal can also reduce Zn absorption (and other divalent minerals). Studies with salmon show that increased amounts of phytic acid inhibits Zn absorption (Storebakken et al, 2000b;Denstadli et al, 2006).…”

“…Plant ingredients like soybean meal can reduce zinc absorption. Phytic acid in soy concentrate (SC), in addition to lower concentrations of Zn in SC, have been reported to reduce Zn absorption, in salmon diets (Storebakken et al, 2000b;Denstadli et al, 2006). Also a high content of bone minerals (calcium and phosphorous) might inhibit zinc absorption (Watanbe et al, 1997;Lorentzen and Maage, 1999).…”

“…When replacing fish meal with plant ingredients it is important to also consider utilization of essential elements/minerals (Storebakken et al, 2000b). There are essential and non essential minerals (Lorentzen et al, 2001).…”

Evaluation of Growth and Bioaccumulation of Cobalt in Different Tissues of Common Carp, <I>Cyprinus Carpio</I> (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), Fed Cobalt-Supplemented Diets

“…But there is little information regarding requirement of Co for growth and its balance in the body of fish (Hasan 2000). Although animal and plant feed stuff used in the artificial feed formulation generally provide an adequate quantity of minerals (Gatlin and Wilson 1986, Jahan et al 2000, Storebakken et al 2000 some species of fish require additional supply of some minerals for optimum growth (Lorentzen and Maage 1999). There is evidence that fish reared with cobalt supplemented diet show significant increase in growth over fish fed control diets with no supplement of Co (Anadu et al 1990, Hossein et al 2008.…”

Apparent and true digestibility of protein and amino acid in feedstuffs used in Nile Tilapia feed as determined by the technique of dissection

“…This particularly applies to nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in intensive fish production systems that depend exclusively on balanced feeds (Sugiura et al, 2001;Furuya et al, 2005;Lanna et al, 2005).…”