Growth Variation: Biological and Cultural Factors

Stinson, Sara

doi:10.1002/9781118108062.ch12

Cited by 83 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Body size and proportions are also affected by factors such as socio-economic status, psychosocial stress, physical activity, climate, altitude and seasonality. All these factors, however, ultimately hinge on nutrient availability, which is in turn dependent on disease and nutrition (Bogin 1999(Bogin , 2001Eveleth and Tanner 1991;Frisancho 2007;Lee et al 2014;Lejarraga 2002;Meinhardt et al 2017;Norgan 2002;Pomeroy et al , 2015Schell and Knutsen 2002;Specker and Schoenau 2005;Stinson 2000;Tanner 1990;Ulijaszek et al 1998). In addition to external factors, genetic differences will affect growth and its ultimate outcomes (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an east-west phenotypic variation in body height, body form and body mass among prehistoric hunter-gatherers of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, chile

et al. 2017

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Fuego-Patagonia's marine and terrestrial groups were historically described as phenotypically distinct but, studies of these phenotypic differences have yet to be conducted. This study evaluates phenotypic variation in Fuego-Patagonia. Phenotypic disparities result from extrinsic and intrinsic factors and therefore can reveal differences in both long and short term adaptations as well as genetic differences. Fifty-one adults were assessed. A total of six post-cranial measurements were included: maximum length of the humerus (MHL); maximum length of the radius (MRL); Bicondylar length of the femur (BFL); Maximum length of the tibia (MTL); bi-iliac breadth (BIB), and; antero-posterior diameter of the femoral head (FHD). Brachial index, crural index, body mass, body mass index and stature were then calculated. In general, terrestrial individuals had longer lower limb bones and were the tallest and heaviest. Marine individuals had the shortest bones and were shorter and lighter. Mixed-economy individuals showed mostly intermediate values. The trends are more marked in males than in females. The results suggests the presence of an east-to-west phenotypic gradient in the region that may have resulted from intrinsic and/or extrinsic differences between the groups. But, the sample size of this study is small, and thus the results should be cautiously considered.Key words: Phenotypic variation, Fuego-Patagonia, human colonization. Históricamente grupos marinos y terrestres de Fuego-Patagonia fueron descritos como fenotípicamente distintos. Este estudio examina la presencia de esta variación fenotípica, la cual de existir, podría ser resultado de factores extrínsecos, como son los procesos adaptativos de corto o largo plazo e intrínsecos como son los factores genéticos. La muestra se compone de 51 individuos adultos. Se incluyeron seis mediciones post-craneales: longitud máxima del húmero (MHL); longitud máxima del radio (MRL); longitud bicondilar del fémur (BFL); longitud máxima de la tibia (MTL); ancho bi-ilíaco (BIB), y; diámetro antero-posterior de la cabeza femoral (FHD

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an east-west phenotypic variation in body height, body form and body mass among prehistoric hunter-gatherers of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, chile

et al. 2017

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“…Intergenerational changes, with taller offspring by comparison with their parents, are not uncommon accompaniments to public health improvements in many different environments and ecologies (Malina 2004). For example, among four cohorts born between 1883 and 1999 in Sweden, adult stature increased on average by 16 cm (6.3 inches) for males and 8 cm (3.2 inches) for females (Stinson 2012). Recent secular increases have occurred predominantly in developing regions as compared to developed regions (Cole 2003), reflecting contemporary changes in determinants of growth such as improved nutrition, reduced disease burden, and social conditions.…”

Section: Growth Is An Emergent Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Life Course Health Development

Mummert

Schoen

Lampl

2017

Handbook of Life Course Health Development

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Physical growth is an emergent process integrating a complex network of social, biological, and environmental interactions. The global diversity of body shapes and sizes reflects developmental plasticity in response to environmental exposures, both advantageous and adverse, and depicts an evolutionarily robust strategy for species’ survival. Epidemiologic surveillance efforts demonstrate that early life skeletal growth and body composition trajectories are associated with and predict adult chronic disease risks. Both human and animal studies have provided an evidentiary base for the physiological mechanisms by which differences in growth processes manifest as cell- and organ-level changes that influence disease susceptibility across the life course. This chapter leverages a systems biology approach to describe macro- and micropathways affecting growth from a global perspective, reflecting on auxology’s place in theoretical frameworks that help us to understanding past, present, and future health trends. Methodological challenges that face the field are considered, and recommendations to guide future research and policy efforts are offered with the aim of advancing the science of growth biology and its contributions to life course health development.

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“…Regarding the adolescent cohort, a series of studies comparing growth patterns among modern populations in different living environments suggested that the amount of growth during an adolescent spurt may be mostly decided by genetic factors, while the amount of growth before an adolescent spurt is significantly influenced by differences in nutrition factors and morbidity (Bogin, 1999;Stinson, 2000). Thus, the differences in UFH between adolescents of the Jomon and post-Jomon series might be due to a genetic factor that became significant during an adolescent spurt.…”

Section: Facial Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental variation in facial forms in Japan

Okazaki

Nakahashi

2011

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Significant differences in facial form between the Jomon and the post-Jomon series of the Yayoi, Medieval, and Early Modern period have been interpreted in terms of the gene flow from the Asian continent or the reduction of masticatory stress through the Jomon to the Early Modern period. However, the developmental process that produced these differences in facial form between the two groups has remains unknown. In this study we examined the factors contributing to differences in facial form by studying the developmental patterns of facial form using data from 311 subadult individuals from the middle-late Jomon (c. 5000-2500 BP) to the Early Modern period (1900( -1950. We found statistically significant differences in facial form among the temporally defined groups at early stages of development. Differences in upper facial height between the Jomon and the post-Jomon series were significant during both childhood (3-6 years, P < 0.05) and adolescence (12-20 years, P < 0.01). Differences in simotic index and bigonial breadth between the Jomon and the post-Jomon series were significant, beginning in childhood (P < 0.05), and differences in symphyseal height between the series were significant during both infancy (0-3 years, P < 0.05) and adolescence (P < 0.01). Based on previous ethnographical data, studies on the wear of the deciduous dentition in the Jomon and post-Jomon populations, and stable isotope analyses for reconstructing weaning diets in Jomon and Medieval children, it seems to be the first-stage juvenile stage (6-9 years) when the differences in masticatory load among the chronological groups become conspicuous enough to act on the functional adaptation of facial bones. Therefore, the patterns of group differences which begin in infancy or childhood and become remarkable in adolescence do not contradict the former explanation that the gene flow from the Asian continent largely contributed to the change of facial form during the transition between the Jomon and Yayoi periods.

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Growth Variation: Biological and Cultural Factors

Cited by 83 publications

References 124 publications

Assessment of an east-west phenotypic variation in body height, body form and body mass among prehistoric hunter-gatherers of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, chile

Assessment of an east-west phenotypic variation in body height, body form and body mass among prehistoric hunter-gatherers of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, chile

Growth and Life Course Health Development

Developmental variation in facial forms in Japan

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