“…At the same time, the Earth gradually entered greenhouse–hothouse climate from the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA; Fielding et al, 2008). As for the palaeoceanography, the huge phosphorite deposits, equivalent to five to six times the total phosphorus content in today's ocean, accumulated at the east of the low‐latitude Panthalassa (Hiatt & Budd, 2001), oceanic anoxia and acidification occurred globally (Bond et al, 2015; Fujisaki et al, 2019; Wei, Tang, Yan, Wang, & Roberts, 2019), and chert expanded worldwide accompanied by the decrease of carbonate depositions (Permian Chert Event; Beauchamp & Grasby, 2012; Murchey & Jones, 1992). The biological evolution of this period is featured by the poleward expansion of the warm‐water faunas with the end of the LPIA and the end‐Guadalupian mass extinction (Campi, 2012).…”