Guava-fruit based synthesis of carbon quantum dots for spectrofluorometric quantitative analysis of risperidone in spiked human plasma and pharmaceutical dosage forms

Abstract

Novel N-CQDs are synthesized from guava fruit, characterized, and successfully applied for the determination of risperidone in pharmaceutical formulations and plasma.

Spectrofluorometric quantitative analysis of aripiprazole based on quenching of natural derived carbon quantum dots in spiked human plasma

“…The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to examine the morphology and size of N-CQDs. The synthesized N-CQDs was observed to have a uniform spherical shape, with a diameter distribution ranging from 3.8 to 5.2 nm with an average diameter of 4.5 54 , 55 . Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to study the functional groups on N-CQDs.…”

“…Specifically, a broad peak at 3376 cm -1 was related to O–H and N–H groups (see Fig. 2 b) 55 , 57 .

Figure 2 ( a ) TEM image and diameter distribution of N-CQDs, ( b ) FTIR spectra of N-CQDs, ( c ) UV–vis absorption spectra of N-CQDs, and ( d ) excitation dependent emission spectra of N-CQDs.

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Efficient and eco-friendly detection of gabapentin using nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots: an analytical and green chemistry approach

“…However, the developed sensor may face challenges in terms of selectivity and specificity when exposed to other drugs that share similar functional groups, like risperidone. 16 Cross-reactivity with N-CQDs-based sensors is a known concern and to tackle this issue in future research, the sensor could be functionalized 36 or doped with gabapentin analogs or analog-specific recognition elements, to enhance its selectivity and mitigate potential cross-reactivity with structurally similar drugs. Additionally, molecular imprinting techniques 37 could be employed to establish specific recognition sites for gabapentin within the N-CQDs, thus improving the sensor's selectivity towards gabapentin and reducing potential cross-reactivity with structurally similar drugs.…”

“…The synthesis of the N-CQDs from the guava fruit was conducted following the exact same procedure described in our previous work. 16 Briefly, the flesh of the guava fruit (free from pulp and seeds) was sliced and subjected to carbonization in an electric oven at 250 °C for 50 minutes. After cooling, the resulting product was finely ground into a powder.…”

“…14 Hence, these green quantum dots have been applied extensively for the analysis of various pharmaceuticals via determining their unique optical features and exploring their potential as uorescent probes. [15][16][17] Gabapentin is a medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of seizures and nerve pain. 18 It is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter gammaaminobutyric acid but does not directly bind to GABA receptors.…”