“…A broad literature has stressed the importance of rule of law for growth (e.g., Barro, 1997; Keefer, 2004; La Porta et al., 1997, 1998, 1999). Legal strength may be a crucial factor in boosting innovation activities(Uddin et al., 2022). A series of studies (e.g., Alam et al., 2019; Nguyen & Jaramillo, 2014) provide evidence that the rule of law has positive effects on innovation.…”