Guided wave inspection potential of defects in rail

Rose, Joseph L.; Avioli, Michael J.; Mudge, Peter; Sanderson, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2003.04.001

Cited by 152 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…Finally, Eq's. (3.3a) and (3.3b) are obtained that, together with the displacement equations, it is possible to calculate the motion of the guided waves in an isotropic and homogeneous plate-like structure (Rose 2014 As it is shown in Eq's. (3.3a) and (3.3b), the solution of guided wave propagation presents a symmetric (S i ) and an antisymmetric (A i ) solution, consequently there will exist in the same plate two different modes of propagation one symmetric and one antisymmetric with respect to the middle plane along the thickness.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This allows the system potentially capable to be permanently installed on the structure enabling it to be monitored continuously. Guided Wave technology has been widely applied in metallic structures in order to inspect pipes, plates, rails (Alleyne and Cawley 1992a;Alleyne and Cawley 1992b;Cawley et al 2003;Hayashi et al 2003;Rose et al 2004). During the 1990s, significant research was focused on pipe inspection (Ditri and Rose 1992;Alleyne et al 1998;Lowe et al 1998), because there was a need to assess in a rapid manner the integrity of hundreds of kilometres of pipelines in the oil & gas, nuclear and chemical industries.…”

Section: Guided Wave Technology In Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main characteristics of this kind of waves are that the phase velocity and group velocity are not necessarily the same and they can vary according to the frequency, which is called dispersion. Depending on the boundary conditions of the medium where the wave is propagating through, different guided wave modes can be obtained (Rose 2014). In the case of thin plate-like structure (Fig.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using the method of potentials, this second order partial differential equation can be decomposed into two uncoupled parts through Helmholtz decomposition, details in (Rose 2014). Finally, Eq's.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Damage Sensing in Blades

Crespo

2016

Mare-Wint

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This chapter is divided into three parts; the problem, possible solutions and the chosen option to address the problem, which is my PhD topic within the project MAREWINT. So firstly, the chapter presents an overview of the typical damages that a wind turbine blade can suffer during its life operation. Then, a review of different Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques which are currently being investigated for wind turbine blades is presented. Finally, the chapter provides the state-of-the-art of Guided Wave Technology in composite materials; where different aspects of this SHM technique are explained in more detail. IntroductionWind energy is an important renewable energy source which has gained high relevance during the last decades. Different countries have released plans to invest in wind energy in the future years; such as the USA that will generate 20 % of the country's electricity from wind power by 2030 or Denmark that have set the targets of producing 50 % of the power from the wind by 2020 and also of making Denmark completely free of dependence on fossil fuels by 2050. So, the use of wind power is not expected to decrease within the next decade (Márquez et al. 2012). The trend is to manufacture bigger wind turbines and deploy them offshore. These new wind turbines have around 6 MW power output, 120-metre height tower and 80-metre long blades. They are designed to be operating in rough conditions in difficult-to-reach areas. Therefore, the deployment of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques becomes essential in order to assess remotely the integrity of the structure. The advantages of using these techniques are many (Schulz and Sundaresan 2006), such as reducing expensive costs for periodic inspections of turbines which are hard to reach, prevention of unnecessary replacement of components based on time of use, or minimizing down time and frequency of sudden breakdowns.

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Section: Fundamentals Of Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Guided Wave Technology In Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamentals Of Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamentals Of Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Damage Sensing in Blades

Crespo

2016

Mare-Wint

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“…However, in terms of the wave propagation along a railway track, the frequency of traininduced vibration is up to 80 kHz [6]. It is difficult for the conventional φ-OTDR system to detect such a broadband signal.…”

Section: Xxxxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed fiber sparse-wideband vibration sensing by sub-Nyquist additive random sampling

et al. 2018

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The round trip time of the light pulse limits the maximum detectable vibration frequency response range of phasesensitive optical time domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR). Unlike the uniform laser pulse interval in conventional φ-OTDR, we randomly modulate the pulse interval, so that an equivalent sub-Nyquist additive random sampling (sNARS) is realized for every sensing point of the long interrogation fiber. For an φ-OTDR system with 10 km sensing length, the sNARS method is optimized by theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation, and the experimental results verify that a wide-band spars signal can be identified and reconstructed. Such a method can broaden the vibration frequency response range of φ-OTDR, which is of great significance in sparse-widebandfrequency vibration signal detection, such as rail track monitoring and metal defect detection. XXXXDistributed vibration sensing by phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) has been intensively studied for its potential applications in fields like intrusion detection, oil and gas pipeline monitoring, high speed rail or urban rail transit monitoring, and so on [1][2][3][4][5]. It is important for the sensing distance and the frequency response range to meet the requirements of practical applications. Up to now, ultra-long φ-OTDR with 175 km sensing range has been achieved [5], but its vibration frequency response range is limited to less than 285 Hz. In order to broaden the frequency response range, two kinds of approaches have been proposed: the combination of interferometer with φ-OTDR [2], and the frequency multiplexing method [3,4].Taking the φ-OTDR based high-speed rail track monitoring system as an example, the length of sensing fiber should be larger than 50 km or even 100 km, which corresponds to a maximum detectable frequency of 1 kHz or 500 Hz, respectively. However, in terms of the wave propagation along a railway track, the frequency of traininduced vibration is up to 80 kHz [6]. It is difficult for the conventional φ-OTDR system to detect such a broadband signal.In some cases, the vibration waves are sparse in frequency domain, which gives a chance for φ-OTDR system to handle with low pulse repetition rate. As for rail track monitoring, most of the long-range waves decay rapidly because only several vibration modes with certain frequencies are supported [7], owing to the fact that the vibration waves degenerate to sparse signal [8] over 10 kHz to 60 kHz. It should be noted that sparse signal is also used widely in many fields, such as metal damage detection [9].In this letter, we demonstrate a new φ-OTDR system inspired by the concept of non-uniform sampling [10][11][12]. Thanks to its antialiasing characteristic in frequency domain, the proposed method, named sub-Nyquist additive random sampling (sNARS) technique, is capable of sampling the wide-band sparse frequency signals with sub-Nyquist sampling rate [8,12]. The sNARS method is studied theoretically and verified with Monte Carlo simulation, by which the key parameters for φ-O...

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Noncontact Rail Monitoring by Ultrasonic Guided Waves

Rizzo

Coccia

Bartoli

et al. 2008

Encyclopedia of Structural Health Monitoring

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Recent train accidents have reaffirmed the need for developing more effective rail defect detection systems than those used today. One of the recent developments in rail inspection is the use of ultrasonic guided waves and noncontact probing techniques to target transverse‐type defects. Besides the obvious advantages of noncontact probing, which include robustness and potential for large inspection speed, such a system can theoretically detect transverse defects under horizontal shelling or head checks. A rail inspection prototype based on these concepts and funded by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is under development at the University of California at San Diego (UCSD). The first field test was carried out in March 2006. The second field test took place in April 2007. This article first presents the main aspects of ultrasonic guided‐wave inspection of rails, including wave propagation modeling and noncontact ultrasound probing. The discussion then focuses on the UCSD/FRA prototype and its defect detection performance as determined in both laboratory tests and field tests.

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Guided wave inspection potential of defects in rail

Cited by 152 publications

References 2 publications

Damage Sensing in Blades

Damage Sensing in Blades

Distributed fiber sparse-wideband vibration sensing by sub-Nyquist additive random sampling

Noncontact Rail Monitoring by Ultrasonic Guided Waves

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