Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Simulation Packages (CSPs) are widely used in industry to simulate discrete-event models. Interoperability of CSPs requires the use of distributed simulation techniques. Literature presents us with many examples of achieving CSP interoperability using bespoke solutions. However, for the wider adoption of CSP-based distributed simulation it is essential that, first and foremost, a standard for CSP interoperability be created, and secondly, these standards are adhered to by the CSP vendors. This advanced tutorial is on an emerging standard relating to CSP interoperability. It gives an overview of this standard and presents case studies that implement some of the proposed standards. Furthermore, interoperability is discussed in relation to large and complex models developed using CSPs that require large amount of computing resources. It is hoped that this tutorial will inform the simulation community of the issues associated with CSP interoperability, the importance of these standards and its future.
INTRODUCTIONIn Operational Research & Management Science (ORMS), Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) has been used to analyze production and logistics problems in many areas such as commerce, defense, health, manufacturing and logistics for many years (Law, 2007). The first DES languages appeared in the late 1950s. These evolved during the 1960s and 1970s. In the context of simulation practice in industry, although programming languages may be used to build simulations in certain circumstances, models are generally created using commercially available simulation packages (Robinson 2005). With the arrival of the IBM PC, the 1980s saw the rise of Visual Interactive Modeling Systems (VIMS) that allowed simulation modelers to visually create and simulate discrete-event models. VIMS enable users to create models in a graphical environment through an interactive "click-and-drag" selection of pre-defined simulation objects (entry points, queues, workstations, resources, etc.) and link them together to represent the underlying logical interactions between the entities they represent (Pidd 2004). These have matured into the Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Simulation Packages (CSPs) that are very familiar to ORMS practitioners today. They include Arena™ (Rockwell automation), Anylogic™ (XJ technologies), Flexsim™ (Flexsim Software Products, Inc.), Simul8™ (Simul8 corporation), Witness™ (Lanner group), etc. Each has a wide range of functionality including visual model building, simulation run support, animation, optimization and virtual reality. Some have their own dedicated programming language and all are able to be linked to other COTS software (such as Microsoft Excel). However, the vast majority of these packages do not support CSP package interoperability. In the context of the CSPs, interoperability can be seen from two perspectives -homogenous CSP interoperability (interoperability between models developed using identical CSPs) and heterogeneous CSP interoperability (interoperability between m...