Guidelines for the communication of Biomonitoring Equivalents: Report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop

Hays, Sean M.; Aylward, Lesa L.; LaKind, Judy S.; Bartels, Michael; Barton, Hugh A.; Boogaard, Peter J.; Brunk, Conrad; DiZio, Stephen; Dourson, Michael; Goldstein, Daniel A.; Lipscomb, John C.; Kilpatrick, Michael E.; Krewski, Daniel; Krishnan, Kannan; Nordberg, Monica; Okino, Miles S.; Tan, Yu‐Mei; Viau, Claude; Yager, Janice W.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.05.007

Cited by 104 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The cross-sectional design of this study limits the reproducibility of the individual measurements of nonpersistent chemicals, as there may be day-to-day variation dependent on the exposure within the last 24 h, due to short half-lives (6). The average data is however very useful in estimating the general exposure levels.…”

Section: All Biomarkers In the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include biomarkers of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethane (DDT), polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) which are all classified as (POPs). The non-persistent biomarkers were measured in the urine and reflect an exposure within the last 24 h due to their short half-lives (6). These include phthalate metabolites, parabens, phenols and the analgesic paracetamol in the full study population and the pesticide glyphosate in a subgroup.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomonitoring of Danish school children and mothers including biomarkers of PBDE and glyphosate

Knudsen

Hansen

Mizrak

et al. 2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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AbstractBackground:The Danish part of the large European Human biomonitoring pilot project Demonstration of a study to Coordinate and Perform Human biomonitoring on a European Scale (DEMOCOPHES) investigated the urine, hair and blood concentrations of 66 different environmental chemicals in a group of 145 Danish school children aged 6–11 years and their mothers from rural and urban areas in autumn 2011. Some – but not all – results were published; however, the concurrence of the chemicals has not been assessed.Methods:The measured concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and glyphosate is assessed to complete the investigation of all 66 chemicals in DEMOCOPHES. The concentrations of PBDEs were measured in plasma samples of 143 mothers and 116 children. Glyphosate was measured in a subsample of 27 urine samples. Previously assessed chemicals were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) analyzed in blood samples, mercury analyzed in hair, and phthalate metabolites, parabens, phenols, cadmium, paracetamol and cotinine analyzed in urine samples. Differences in concentrations between mothers and children were assessed, and the associations between the concentrations of the different environmental chemicals. investigated by correlation analysis.Results:PBDE47 was found in relatively high levels compared with previous Danish results in both mothers and children, with a significantly higher level in the children compared to their mothers. Glyphosate in concentrations around 1 ng/mL was detected in all 27 samples. The analyzed environmental exposures seem to follow a pattern where chemicals within the same classes are strongly correlated and where children and mothers are exposed to the same chemicals.Conclusion:The correlations between the measured environmental chemicals indicate that a specific exposure pattern may exist, where people who are highly exposed to one class of environmental chemicals also may be highly exposed to certain other classes. As some of the compounds were measured in higher levels in children compared to mothers, increased focus also on the exposure in young children is recommended. For more detailed investigation of specific exposure sources more studies with increased power and detailed questionnaires should be developed.

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Section: All Biomarkers In the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of Danish school children and mothers including biomarkers of PBDE and glyphosate

Knudsen

Hansen

Mizrak

et al. 2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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“…The use of the central tendency or mean concentration for spot samples of chemicals with a short half-life has been recommended (LaKind et al, 2008). Therefore, the BGV for urine and blood are defined as the average concentrations of TCPy in urine and CPF in blood that will occur in an individual over the 24-h period following a dose that causes an average of 10% inhibition of RBC ChE for the 24-h period.…”

Section: Derivation Of Bgv Values For Cpf In Blood and Tcpy In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For clarity, this term is different than the term ''Margin of Exposure'', which is defined in this context as the ratio of the point of departure (such as a no observed adverse effect level) and the estimated exposure dose or concentration. Since CPF and TCPy have short half-lives in the body and thus would be expected to yield high intraindividual variability (Meeker et al, 2005), the central tendency of biomonitoring levels from population surveys are most indicative of longer term average exposures (Aylward et al, 2012;LaKind et al, 2008).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Proposed Bgv Levels With Available Human Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of human Biomonitoring Guidance Values for chlorpyrifos using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model of cholinesterase inhibition

Arnold

Morriss²,

Velovitch³

et al. 2015

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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A number of biomonitoring surveys have been performed for chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its metabolite (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, TCPy); however, there is no available guidance on how to interpret these data in a health risk assessment context. To address this gap, Biomonitoring Guidance Values (BGVs) are developed using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model. The PBPK/PD model is used to predict the impact of age and human variability on the relationship between an early marker of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in the peripheral and central nervous systems [10% red blood cell (RBC) ChE inhibition] and levels of systemic biomarkers. Since the PBPK/PD model characterizes variation of sensitivity to CPF in humans, interspecies and intraspecies uncertainty factors are not needed. Derived BGVs represent the concentration of blood CPF and urinary TCPy associated with 95% of the population having less than or equal to 10% RBC ChE inhibition. Blood BGV values for CPF in adults and infants are 6100 ng/L and 4200 ng/L, respectively. Urinary TCPy BGVs for adults and infants are 2100 μg/L and 520 μg/L, respectively. The reported biomonitoring data are more than 150-fold lower than the BGVs suggesting that current US population exposures to CPF are well below levels associated with any adverse health effect.

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“…Advocates typically argue for hazard-based responses which evaluate the potential for harm using existing human and animal studies, but generally without quantitative probability estimates of health effects, while industry emphasizes the importance of risk-based responses that quantify the probability of individual and population harm from chemical exposures (Bahadori et al 2007;LaKind et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific contestations over “toxic trespass”: health and regulatory implications of chemical biomonitoring

Shamasunder

Morello‐Frosch

2015

J Environ Stud Sci

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Biomonitoring has chronicled hundreds of synthetic chemicals in human bodies. With the proliferation of biomonitoring studies from diverse stakeholders comes the need to better understand the public health consequences of synthetic chemical exposures. Fundamental disagreements among scientific experts as to the nature and purpose of biomonitoring data guide our investigation in this paper. We examine interpretations of biomonitoring evidence through interviews with 42 expert scientists from industry, environmental health and justice movement organizations (EHJM), academia, and regulatory agencies and through participant observation in scientific meetings where biomonitoring evidence is under debate. Both social movements and industry stakeholders frame the meaning of scientific data in ways that advance their own interests. EHJM scientists argue that biomonitoring data demonstrates involuntary Btoxic trespass^and underscores a policy failure that allows for the pervasive use of untested chemicals. Industry scientists seek to subsume biomonitoring data under existing regulatory risk assessment paradigms. Our analysis reveals one area of convergence (validity of Centers for Disease Control surveillance data) and seven areas of contestation regarding the scientific, public health, and policy implications of biomonitoring evidence, among regulatory, industry, and EHJM scientists including: chemical presence in bodies, biological mechanisms of health impact, use of biomonitoring equivalents, limits of targeted biomonitoring, limits of detection, policy influence of advocacy biomonitoring, and relevance of biomonitoring to motivate policy change. These areas of scientific contestation provide insight into the persistent challenges of regulating chemicals even in the midst of mounting evidence of widespread exposure to multiple compounds with implications for human health.

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Guidelines for the communication of Biomonitoring Equivalents: Report from the Biomonitoring Equivalents Expert Workshop

Cited by 104 publications

References 15 publications

Biomonitoring of Danish school children and mothers including biomarkers of PBDE and glyphosate

Biomonitoring of Danish school children and mothers including biomarkers of PBDE and glyphosate

Derivation of human Biomonitoring Guidance Values for chlorpyrifos using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model of cholinesterase inhibition

Scientific contestations over “toxic trespass”: health and regulatory implications of chemical biomonitoring

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