Guild structure in the food web of grassland arthropod communities along an urban—rural landscape gradient

Hironaka, Yutaka; Koike, Fumito

doi:10.2980/20-2-3575

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Understanding how biodiversity impacts trophic structure requires combining biodiversity metrics with trophic guild information or with functional diversity metrics (Hironaka & Koike, ; Philpott et al., ; Rodewald et al., ), or with the use of trophic variables in meta‐analyses across many different biodiversity studies (Lepczyk et al., ; Martinson & Raupp, ; Marzluff, ). From such studies, four trophic patterns are noted in many ecosystems: (1) loss of apex predators (Bang & Faeth, ; Bateman & Fleming, ; Hironaka & Koike, ; Ordeñana et al., ); (2) release of small generalist mesopredators such as raccoons, foxes and coyotes (Fischer, Cleeton, Lyons, & Miller, ; Rodewald & Kearns, ); (3) establishment or proliferation of invasive/non‐native hardy, mid‐trophic‐level species, mostly omnivores (Shochat et al. ; Faeth et al., ; Marzluff, ); (4) herbivores can either increase or decrease depending on the taxa and the type of herbivore (Lepczyk et al., ; Raupp, Shrewsbury, & Herms, ) (boxes 2a, 2b and 2c in Figure ).…”

Section: Urban Effects On Consumers and Trophic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biodiversity Trends Vs Trophic Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From such studies, four trophic patterns are noted in many ecosystems: (1) loss of apex predators Bateman & Fleming, 2012;Hironaka & Koike, 2013;Ordeñana et al, 2010);…”

Section: Biodiversity Trends Vs Trophic Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trophic structure in a rapidly urbanizing planet

El‐Sabaawi

2018

Functional Ecology

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The human population is rapidly urbanizing, and the negative impacts of urban cover on biodiversity and ecosystem function are expected to increase. Trophic dynamics have been hypothesized to change with urbanization, with consequences for biodiversity and function. Here, I review recent progress in this area by focusing on how urbanization affects dietary sources, trophic interactions and the functional ecology of synanthropic species. Urbanization affects primary autochthonous production in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by replacing and fragmenting natural areas with impervious cover, increasing nutrient supply, changing hydrological regimes, and altering the composition and seasonality of primary producers. The responses of primary production differ between climatic regions or across hydrological regimes. Urbanization can also change the availability of subsidies (autochthonous vs. allochthonous resources) because many urban species feed on human food (anthropogenic subsidies) and because of changes in the plant composition and physical characteristics of riparian zones. Urbanization can change the composition of consumers by decreasing the abundance of apex predators, releasing mesopredators, as well as the introduction of non‐native omnivores. Few direct experiments have been conducted on trophic interactions in urban ecosystems. They broadly suggest that urbanization weakens herbivory and predation, but that it might increase competition between synanthropic and urbanophobic species. However, the outcomes of these interactions are highly context‐specific. The reliance of synanthropic species on anthropogenic subsidies appears to be an important aspect of urban trophic ecology. However, more research is needed to understand how dietary flexibility, especially in relation to anthropogenic subsidies, contributes to the physiology and population dynamics of synanthropes. Urbanization can dramatically change trophic dynamics in the urban ecosystem with implications for biodiversity patterns, management and conservation. However, it is clear that a broader and more mechanistic understanding of the urban food webs is needed. This can be accomplished through inclusion of functional trophic metrics in monitoring efforts, the use of stable isotope food web metrics, the use of multi‐trophic‐level experiments and a more detailed study of the functional ecology of synanthropes. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13114/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Section: Urban Effects On Consumers and Trophic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biodiversity Trends Vs Trophic Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trophic structure in a rapidly urbanizing planet

El‐Sabaawi

2018

Functional Ecology

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“…To begin, herbivores were the most abundant guild in the foliar community, while predators were the most abundant guild in the soil and dung communities. The high abundance of herbivores in the foliar community is not surprising, as herbivores are often the most abundant group found in plant canopies of grasslands (Cagnolo et al 2002, Hironaka andKoike 2013). However, the relatively low abundance of pollinators in the foliar community was unexpected to us.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

An inventory of the foliar, soil, and dung arthropod communities in pastures of the Southeastern United States

Schmid

Welch

Lundgren

2021

Preprint

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Grassland systems constitute a significant portion of the land area in the U.S., and as a result, harbor a significant amount of arthropod diversity. During this time of biodiversity loss around the world, bioinventories of ecologically important habitats serve as important indicators for the effectiveness of conservation efforts. We conducted a bioinventory of the foliar, soil, and dung arthropod communities in 10 cattle pastures located in the southeastern U.S. during the 2018 grazing season. In sum, 126,251 specimens were collected. From the foliar community, 13 arthropod orders were observed, with the greatest species richness found in Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera. The soil-dwelling arthropod community contained 18 orders. The three orders comprising the highest species richness were Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. Lastly, 12 arthropod orders were collected from cattle dung, with the greatest species richness found in Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. Herbivores were the most abundant functional guild found in the foliar community, and predators were most abundant in the soil and dung communities. While bioinventories demand considerable time, energy, and resources to accomplish, the information from these inventories has many uses for conservation efforts, land management recommendations, and the direction of climate change science.

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“…One process of great importance is top-down control with the regulation of herbivore pest population through forces like predation and parasitism, which is essential for food web stability (Faeth et al, 2005;Hironaka & Koike, 2013;Dale & Frank, 2014). Urban environments often harbour large populations of herbivores that are considered pests, and their success might be a consequence of many factors such as low natural enemy numbers, reduced vegetation complexity, phenological shifts, presence of exotic host plants and urban warming (Kim, 1992;Shrewsbury & Raupp, 2006;Raupp et al, 2010;.…”

Section: Study Sites and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%