Guillain−Barré syndrome in a local area in Japan, 2006–2015: an epidemiological and clinical study of 108 patients

Matsui, Naoko; Nodera, Hiroyuki; Kuzume, D.; Iwasa, Noriaki; Unai, Yuki; Sakai, Waka; Miyazaki, Yoshitsugu; Yamazaki, Hiroki; Osaki, Yusuke; Mori, Atsuko; Furukawa, Takahiro; Tsukamoto-Miyashiro, Ai; Shimatani, Yoshimitsu; Yamasaki, Masahiro; Izumi, Yuishin; Kusunoki, Susumu; Arisawa, Kokichi; Kaji, Ryuji

doi:10.1111/ene.13569

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Conversely, an association between specific autoantibodies with the occurrence of macrophage-associated demyelination in AIDP has not been clearly demonstrated. However, the presence of antecedent infections in patients with AIDP is similar to that in patients with AMAN, which indicates similar immunological processes [18]. An association between antibodies against moesin, which is expressed in the microvilli of Schwann cells at the nodes of Ranvier, and AIDP has been suggested after cytomegalovirus infection [19].…”

Section: Gbsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Macrophages and Autoantibodies in Demyelinating Diseases

Koike

Katsuno

2021

Cells

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Myelin phagocytosis by macrophages has been an essential feature of demyelinating diseases in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The discovery of autoantibodies, including anti-ganglioside GM1 antibodies in the axonal form of GBS, anti-neurofascin 155 and anti-contactin 1 antibodies in typical and distal forms of CIDP, and anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica, contributed to the understanding of the disease process in a subpopulation of patients conventionally diagnosed with demyelinating diseases. However, patients with these antibodies are now considered to have independent disease entities, including acute motor axonal neuropathy, nodopathy or paranodopathy, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, because primary lesions in these diseases are distinct from those in conventional demyelinating diseases. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying demyelination caused by macrophages remain unclear. Electron microscopy studies revealed that macrophages destroy myelin as if they are the principal players in the demyelination process. Recent studies suggest that macrophages seem to select specific sites of myelinated fibers, including the nodes of Ranvier, paranodes, and internodes, for the initiation of demyelination in individual cases, indicating that specific components localized to these sites play an important role in the behavior of macrophages that initiate myelin phagocytosis. Along with the search for autoantibodies, the ultrastructural characterization of myelin phagocytosis by macrophages is a crucial step in understanding the pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases and for the future development of targeted therapies.

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Section: Gbsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Macrophages and Autoantibodies in Demyelinating Diseases

Koike

Katsuno

2021

Cells

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“…In European and North American countries, AIDP is the most predominant GBS variant (comprising up to 90% of all cases) 11,12,24 . Axonal variants of the disease are more common in Asian countries 38‐40 . Some data suggests a slightly higher incidence rate of axonal forms in the Southern European countries, for instance, in Greece and Italy, that might be associated with more common gastrointestinal infections in these regions compared to Northern Europe 23,41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and mortality rates of Guillain‐Barré syndrome in Serbia

Stojanov

Berisavac

Božović

et al. 2020

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute auto-immune polyradiculoneuropathy. A huge variety of GBS incidence and mortality rates has been noted across the world. The objective of the present multi-centric study was to assess the incidence and mortality rates of GBS during a 10-year period in Serbia. We collected data of adult GBS patients who were hospitalized from 2009 to 2018 in all five tertiary healthcare centers in Serbia. The incidence rates per 100 000 inhabitants with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and further corrected for the estimated number of patients hospitalized in secondary centers. Mortality rates were also assessed. GBS was considered severe if patients were not able to walk at least 10 m without assistance. Six hundred and forty GBS patients were registered in tertiary centers in a 10-year period. The proportion of severe cases was 75% at nadir, and 52% on discharge. GBS incidence rate in Serbia was 1.1 per 100 000 inhabitants, and estimated incidence if patients from secondary centers included 1.2 per 100 000. Peak incidence was observed during the sixth decade of life. During the acute phase, 5.6% of GBS patients died, while overall 9.7% of them died during 6-month period from disease onset. This study contributes to our knowledge about GBS epidemiology. Results will allow us to improve the diagnosis and treatment of GBS patients in Serbia.

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“…The rate of GBS patients who were in need of respiratory assistance in this setting was 18.4%, which was slightly higher than a rate reported by one setting 26. Cranial nerve involvement is common in GBS patients, especially in the AIDP variant, as it ranged from 50% to 75% 5,20. Cranial nerve involvement is associated with respiratory paralysis and needs ventilator support, but overall it does not affect the clinical prognosis 45.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The annual incidence of GBS as reported in one 10-year study was 0.42 cases per 100,000 persons 5. Higher incidence of GBS has been reported in younger adults and the elderly aged 50 years and older 6,7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

<p>Prevalence and outcomes of Guillain-Barré syndrome among pediatrics in Saudi Arabia: a 10-year retrospective study</p>

Asiri

Altwaijri

Baarmah

et al. 2019

NDT

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Background Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a progressive acute form of paralysis most probably secondary to an immune-mediated process. GBS among Saudis has been seldom investigated, which leaves both clinicians and researchers with scarcity in knowledge. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and clinical prognosis of GBS among pediatrics admitted with acute paralysis at a large healthcare facility in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study reviewed patients’ medical records between 2005 and 2015. Eligible cases were children (<14 years old) admitted to the hospital complaining of acute paralysis and later diagnosed with one form or variant of GBS. Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and binary logistic regression were employed to analyze the collected data. Results The prevalence of GBS was 49%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.45:1. The mean ± standard deviation age was 7±3.7 years. There were 34 (69.4%) cases with progression to maximum paralysis in ≤2 weeks, while 15 (30.6%) cases occurred beyond 2 weeks. Males (n=24, 82.8%) were more likely to endure progression to maximum paralysis in ≤2 weeks after the disease onset, compared to females (n=10, 50%), P =0.014. All cases complaining of respiratory problems exhibited a progression to maximum paralysis in ≤2 weeks, compared to those with no respiratory problems, P =0.027. Residual paralysis at 60 days post disease onset was highly associated with GBS patients of age 8–14 years (n=15, 65.2%), compared to younger patients (n=8, 30.8%), P =0.016. Patients admitted in colder seasons (n=14, 63.6%) were more likely to suffer residual paralysis too, compared to those in warmer seasons (n=9, 33.3%), P =0.035. GBS cases who complained of facial weakness (n=9, 75%) and ocular abnormalities (n=10, 71.4%) were also more likely to endure residual paralysis at 60 days post disease onset, P =0.025 and P =0.03, respectively. Conclusion Male gender could be a determinant of rapid progression to maximum paralysis, while the older age group in pediatrics is expected to endure residual paralysis at 60 days post disease onset. GBS can be accounted as a rare disease, especially in pediatrics, so confirmed cases should be investigated comprehensively for research purposes.

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Guillain−Barré syndrome in a local area in Japan, 2006–2015: an epidemiological and clinical study of 108 patients

Abstract: Our study offers evidence of a lower incidence of GBS and a higher incidence of FS in a local area in Japan than in Western countries.

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Macrophages and Autoantibodies in Demyelinating Diseases

Macrophages and Autoantibodies in Demyelinating Diseases

Incidence and mortality rates of Guillain‐Barré syndrome in Serbia

<p>Prevalence and outcomes of Guillain-Barré syndrome among pediatrics in Saudi Arabia: a 10-year retrospective study</p>

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Guillain−Barré syndrome in a local area in Japan, 2006–2015: an epidemiological and clinical study of 108 patients

Abstract: Our study offers evidence of a lower incidence of GBS and a higher incidence of FS in a local area in Japan than in Western countries.

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Macrophages and Autoantibodies in Demyelinating Diseases

Macrophages and Autoantibodies in Demyelinating Diseases

Incidence and mortality rates of Guillain‐Barré syndrome in Serbia

<p>Prevalence and outcomes of Guillain-Barr&eacute; syndrome among pediatrics in Saudi Arabia: a 10-year retrospective study</p>

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<p>Prevalence and outcomes of Guillain-Barré syndrome among pediatrics in Saudi Arabia: a 10-year retrospective study</p>