Gulf of Mexico's First Application of Riserless Mud Recovery for Top-hole Drilling - A Case Study

Abstract

This paper describes the preparation and operation for the first use of a riserless mud recovery (RMR) system on the top-hole section of a well in the Gulf of Mexico. The material includes pre-well engineering and preparations including hydraulic analysis, pre-job vessel inspection, construction of new equipment, installation, pre-well planning decisions, and rationale for decisions. In addition also discussed are benefits including improved wellbore quality due to use of an engineered drilling fluid, logistics savings from reduction of drilling fluids, and minimized environmental impact. The paper also includes descriptions of equipment installation and testing onboard the drilling vessel operations during drilling, problems encountered and lessons learned from the operation. A description of all equipment is included in the paper along with specifications and operation parameters. An RMR system has application in the top-hole drilling of oil and gas wells. Using conventional methods, drilling fluid pumped down the drillstring during operations flows out onto the sea floor; this is often referred to as " Pump and Dump??. RMR collects the mud at the mud line and pumps the fluid back to the rig where it is reconditioned and reused. It allows the use of engineered drilling fluids and has possible applications for all offshore drilling. RMR was deployed on a dynamically positioned vessel, and successfully used to drill the 26-in. hole section. Drilling fluid recovered from the mud line back to the drillship was processed and reused, resulting in significant reduction in the volume of mud required for this top-hole section. RMR reduced costs through savings in drilling fluid and improved well construction. RMR is applicable to the drilling of top-holes in the entire Gulf of Mexico. It has significant potential to reduce top-hole drilling costs, eliminate casing stings, extend casing shoe depths, drill through and past problem formations and improve the wellbore by eliminating washouts and shallow hazards. Introduction Operators continue to explore and develop fields at increasing water depths. In certain offshore areas where younger sedimentary rocks are deposited, there is often a very narrow margin between formation pore pressure and fracture pressure that creates tremendous drilling challenges (Rocha and Bourgoyne, 1994). The solution to this narrow operating window is to develop techniques that extend the casing setting depths more efficiently. The use of a riserless drilling technique, dynamic kill drilling (DKD), has been instrumental in successfully pushing the casing depths deeper in deepwater applications (Johnson and Rowden, 2001). The DKD methodology employs the dual gradient drilling concept, consisting of the seawater hydrostatic above the mud line with the ability to vary the hydrostatic below the mud line by drilling fluid weight variations. This functional control of the drilling fluid density is tremendously advantageous while drilling shallow gas or water flows from over-pressured formations where large washouts, caves, formation compaction, and collapse could occur (Pelletier et al., 1999). This technique has been repeatedly employed in challenging deepwater projects where the initial upper hole sections were extended to obtain the required leak-off tests (LOTs).

Flow regulation and bottom hole pressure control under gas influx condition based on RMR system

“…Assuming that the invading gas satisfies the non-Darcy seepage formula, the gas influx volume can be calculated as follows [7,8] P e -Formation pressure，MPa; q g -Gas intrusion in standard state，m 3 /s; μ-Gas viscosity， mPa•s; Z-Natural gas compression factor, dimensionless; T f -Formation temperature ， K; K-Formation permeability，mD; h-Gas layer exposed thickness，m; r e -Gas effective intrusion radius， m; r bt -Bottom hole radius，m; 𝛾 g -Relative density of gas, dimensionless.…”

Quantitative Analysis of the Stability of a Mud-Return Circulation System in a Riserless Mud-Recovery Drilling System

“…RMR was also deployed near Australia to address the specific challenges associated with soft sandstone in the Browse Basin [11][12][13]. Its initial application in the Gulf of Mexico enhanced operational efficiency and improved overall wellbore integrity [14,15]. Moreover, RMR was employed in the United Kingdom continental shelf (UKCS) field exploration project, specifically in top-hole operations on the UKCS [16].…”

Establishment and analysis of temperature field of riserless mud recovery system

“…As shown in Figure 1, the RMR consists of three modules: the suction module, the subsea pump and the return line (Cohen et al, 2010). The suction module is used to collect the mud returned from the annulus and seal the wellhead (Scanlon and Medeiros, 2012).…”