Gum Arabic supplementation prevents loss of learning and memory through stimulation of mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of type 2 diabetic rats

Rajab, Ebrahim; Keogh, Michael B.; Laiva, Ashang Luwang; Hannan, Fatima Al; Fateel, Maryam; Abdulwahab, Fatema; Madhoob, Fatema Al; AlHamer, Bassam; Ghazzal, Samar; Dawaishan, Abdulla; Mahdi, Sadiq; Qareeballa, Abdulrahman; Almosawi, Sayed; Falamarzi, Faisal; Elmusharaf, Khalifa; Kamal, Amer

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104757

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…A reduction in the OXPHOS complexes has been observed also by Jolivalt and colleagues [ 58 ] in the ZDF cerebral cortex. Moreover, a role for hippocampal mitochondrial impairment in the cognitive deficit observed in ZDF rats has been recently suggested [ 72 ]. Interestingly, ALLO levels may be involved in all these processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroactive Steroid–Gut Microbiota Interaction in T2DM Diabetic Encephalopathy

Diviccaro,

Cioffi,

Piazza

et al. 2023

Biomolecules

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The pathological consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) also involve the central nervous system; indeed, T2DM patients suffer from learning and memory disabilities with a higher risk of developing dementia. Although several factors have been proposed as possible contributors, how neuroactive steroids and the gut microbiome impact brain pathophysiology in T2DM remain unexplored. On this basis, in male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, we studied whether T2DM alters memory abilities using the novel object recognition test, neuroactive steroid levels by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, hippocampal parameters using molecular assessments, and gut microbiome composition using 16S next-generation sequencing. Results obtained reveal that T2DM worsens memory abilities and that these are correlated with increased levels of corticosterone in plasma and with a decrease in allopregnanolone in the hippocampus, where neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction were reported. Interestingly, our analysis highlighted a small group of taxa strictly related to both memory impairment and neuroactive steroid levels. Overall, the data underline an interesting role for allopregnanolone and microbiota that may represent candidates for the development of therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroactive Steroid–Gut Microbiota Interaction in T2DM Diabetic Encephalopathy

Diviccaro,

Cioffi,

Piazza

et al. 2023

Biomolecules

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Review: Biomacromolecules‐based encapsulation technologies for the protection of oxygen‐sensitive next‐generation probiotics

Phùng,

Karbowiak

2024

Food Biomacromolecules

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In the recent years, various strains of the gut microbiota have been discovered to possess significant therapeutic potential, they are defined as next‐generation probiotics (NGPs). Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Bacteriodes, Eubacterium, and Bifidobacteria are among the typical NGP strains which exhibit several interesting bioactivities as live biotherapeutics. However, some strains of NGP are extremely sensitive to oxygen, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. This hinders their cultivation and large‐scale production. Therefore, it is essential to develop a strategy to protect them during production, storage, and colonic administration. This review, highlights key NGP strains developed in recent years, alongside the encapsulation strategies used to protect them. The primary criterion for selecting encapsulating techniques is their feasibility to be performed under strictly anaerobic conditions. Various processes have been selected according to the physical forms of the products, including liquid, gel, and solid forms, as well as the final shaping of the product. The critical factors for selecting encapsulation materials include biocompatibility, safety, effective oxygen barrier properties, and an optimal release profile in the gastrointestinal tract. This review discusses protection strategies aimed at improving the survival and thereby effectiveness of NGPs.

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