Gustatory responses of single neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex of the macaque monkey

Rolls, Edmund T.; Yaxley, Simon; Sienkiewicz, Zenon

doi:10.1152/jn.1990.64.4.1055

Cited by 272 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Rolls et al (1990) reported that only 49 (1.6%) of 3120 cells within BA 12o responded to taste. Thorpe et al (1983) have explored more medially, near the regions described in this study, and found 39 (7.9%) taste cells within a sample of 494 neurons recorded from BAs 13a, 13m, and 13l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This high proportion does not result from our having used vastly different stimulus concentrations or a less stringent response criterion than those of previous investigators. The concentrations of glucose and QHCl in our basic stimulus array were the same as those used by SmithSwintosky et al (1991) in the insula and those used by Rolls et al (1990) in the clOFC. We tested 0.3 M NaCl versus the 1.0 M used in the two studies cited above and 0.03 M HCl instead of 0.01 M.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gustatory Neural Responses in the Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex of the Old World Monkey

Pritchard¹,

Edwards²,

Smith³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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The primary taste cortex has widespread and occasionally dense projections to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the macaque. Nonetheless, electrophysiological studies have revealed that only 2-8% of the cells in the OFC are activated by taste stimuli on the tongue. We describe an area centered in Brodmann's area 13m of the medial OFC (mOFC) where taste neurons are more concentrated. It consists of a 12 mm 2 core, where gustatory neurons constituted 20% of the population, and a 1 mm perimeter in which 8% of the cells responded to taste. Data were collected from three awake cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) prepared for chronic recording. Single neurons were isolated with epoxylite-coated tungsten microelectrodes and tested for responsiveness to 1.0 M glucose, 0.3 M NaCl, 0.03 M HCl, and 0.001 M QHCl. These stimuli elicited responses that were 96% excitatory and ranged from 5.2 to 5.9 spikes/s. Cells were broadly tuned (H ϭ 0.79), similar to those in the anterior insula (H ϭ 0.70), and decidedly unlike the narrowly tuned taste neurons in the caudolateral OFC (clOFC; H ϭ 0.39). Whereas 82% of the taste cells in the clOFC respond to glucose, in the mOFC, HCl-responsive (56%), glucose-responsive (50%), NaCl-responsive (43%), and QHCl-responsive (40%) cells were almost evenly represented. The mOFC taste area appears to comprise a major gustatory relay that lies anatomically and functionally between the anterior insula and the clOFC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustatory Neural Responses in the Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex of the Old World Monkey

Pritchard¹,

Edwards²,

Smith³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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“…Thus, region G was considered to be the only area with inputs from the thalamic taste nucleus. A third cortical location that is clearly involved in taste has been described more recently after recordings in orbital frontal cortex (OFC) in macaque monkeys encountered neurons responsive to taste substances as well as other stimuli (e.g., Rolls et al, 1989Rolls et al, , 1990Rolls and Baylis, 1994;Rolls, 2000). Neurons in OFC are thought to reflect the hedonic or pleasurable aspects of taste (for reviews, see Kringelbach, 2004;Pritchard and Norgren, 2004).…”

Section: Cortical System For Tastementioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates

Kaas

Iyengar

2006

Anat. Rec.

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Sensory information from the tongue and teeth is used to evaluate and distinguish food and nonfood items in the mouth, reject some and masticate and swallow others. While it is known that primates have a complex array of 10 or more somatosensory areas that contribute to the analysis of sensory information from the hand, less is known about what cortical areas are involved in processing information from receptors of the tongue and teeth. The tongue contains taste receptors, as well as mechanoreceptors. Afferents from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors of the tongue access different ascending systems in the brainstem. However, it is uncertain how these two sources of information are processed in cortex. Here the parts of somatosensory areas 3b, 3a, and presumptive 1 that represent the mechanoreceptors of the teeth and tongue are identified, and evidence is presented that the representations of the tongue also get information from the taste nucleus of the thalamus, VPMpc. As areas 3b, 3a, and 1 project to other areas of somatosensory cortex, and those areas to additional areas, some or all of the currently defined somatosensory areas of cortex may be involved in processing gustatory, as well as tactile, information from the tongue and thus have a role in the biologically important function of evaluating food in the mouth. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: somatosensory cortex; area 3b; ventroposterior nucleus; parietal cortex; taste; gustatory system Sensory inputs from the tongue and teeth are obviously very important to the health and survival of most mammals. Based on inputs from receptors in the tongue and periodontal receptors around the teeth, distinctions are made between food and nonfood objects in the mouth, how much pressure can be delivered via the teeth on such items in the mouth, and how to guide tongue and jaw movements in food processing (Jacobs et al., 1998). For judgments about the desirability of food objects, taste information is integrated with somatosensory information on texture, compliance, and item size. Thus, inputs from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors in the mouth, in part, must be evaluated together in order to facilitate the basic function of eating. But where and how is this done? As neocortex is obviously important in the processing of sensory information, how are sensory systems, which are related to sensory afferents from the tongue and teeth, organized at the cortical level? Given the obvious importance of this issue, it may come as a surprise that little is known about the anatomical framework in cortex for processing information, and most of this understanding is focused on the cortical processing of taste. Because the system for processing somatosensory information at the cortical level has been well studied in monkeys, and many of the recent studies of cortical structures related to taste have been in monkeys, this review is focused on these primates. We argue that it is likely that the rather extensive cortical network for processing tactile information from the...

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“…7 Neurons in the primary taste cortex do not represent the reward value of taste, that is, the appetite for a food, in that their firing is not decreased to zero by feeding the taste to satiety. 8,9 The secondary taste cortex A secondary cortical taste area in primates was discovered by Rolls et al 10 in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), extending several millimetre in front of the primary taste cortex. Neurons in this region respond not only to each of the four classical prototypical tastes sweet, salt, bitter and sour, 4,11 but also there are many neurons that respond best to umami tastants such as glutamate (which is present in many natural foods such as tomatoes, mushrooms and milk) 5 and inosine monophosphate (which is present in meat and some fish such as tuna).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity

2010

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Complementary neuronal recordings and functional neuroimaging in humans, show that the primary taste cortex in the anterior insula provides separate and combined representations of the taste, temperature and texture (including fat texture) of food in the mouth independently of hunger and thus of reward value and pleasantness. One synapse on, in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), these sensory inputs are for some neurons combined by learning with olfactory and visual inputs, and these neurons encode food reward in that they only respond to food when hungry, and in that activations correlate with subjective pleasantness. Cognitive factors, including word-level descriptions, and attention, modulate the representation of the reward value of food in the OFC. Further, there are individual differences in the representation of the reward value of food in the OFC. It is argued that overeating and obesity are related in many cases to an increased reward value of the sensory inputs produced by foods, and their modulation by cognition and attention, which overrides existing satiety signals. It is proposed that control of all rather than one or several of these factors that influence food reward and eating may be important in the prevention and treatment of overeating and obesity.

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Gustatory responses of single neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex of the macaque monkey

Cited by 272 publications

References 31 publications

Gustatory Neural Responses in the Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex of the Old World Monkey

Gustatory Neural Responses in the Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex of the Old World Monkey

Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates

Taste, olfactory and food texture reward processing in the brain and obesity

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