Gut access in critically ill and injured patients: Where have we gone thus far?

The Role of Nutritional Access in Malnourished Elderly Undergoing Major Surgery for Acute Abdomen: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

“…13 Naso-enteric tube feeds have higher complications (irritations, ulceration, bleeding, dislocation, and clogging), and PEG/PEJ feeding has reduced rates of esophageal reflux and aspiration pneumonia. 14,15 Increasing numbers of patients are now discharged to their home or community care on continued EN via tube feeds. [11][12][13][14] Nutrition support has shown to improve the outcomes in critically ill patients who are at high risk of malnutrition.…”

Feed the gut, feed early and with the right stuff, but do not forget total parenteral nutrition

“…More commonly though, in the majority of industrialised countries, in their hospitals, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the technique of choice [6]. Other techniques such as laparoscopically assisted or complete laparoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy are certainly possible and practised around the world.…”

Contemporary acute care surgery percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement

“…4,5 In critically ill patients and in patients who need long-term nutritional support, enteral (rather than parenteral) feeding is still currently preferred; it is recognized as the standard of care. 6,7 The reported complication rate of PEG tube placement has varied among the various patient populations studied and according to the definitions used; the range has been 3% to 26%. 4,8Y13 PEG-related mortality is very unusual.…”