Gut flora in health and disease

Guarner, Francisco; Malagelada, Juan–R.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12489-0

Cited by 2,937 publications

(2,239 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The gut microbiota are thought to play an important role in stimulating the development of the immune system [48]. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiotic composition differ in children born by Caesarean section compared with vaginally born children [8][9][10][11], perhaps because such children are first exposed postpartum to bacteria originating from the hospital environment rather than to maternal bacteria [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence of an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in children born by Caesarean section by systematically reviewing the published literature and performing a meta-analysis with adjustment for recognised confounders. Methods After MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE searches, crude ORs and 95% CIs for type 1 diabetes in children born by Caesarean section were calculated from the data reported in each study. Authors were contacted to Diabetologia (2008) 51:726-735

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

et al. 2008

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“…Th e importance of the host innate immune response to bacteria highlighted by these discoveries has resulted in a renewed interest in the intestinal microbiota in IBD. Th e microbiota fulfi lls important roles in immunological development, defense against pathogens, production of exogenous enzymes, and salvage of dietary energy ( 6,7 ). Studies on the microbiota of IBD have revealed changes in its composition, which are now part of the disease pathogenesis paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota of De-Novo Pediatric IBD: Increased Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii and Reduced Bacterial Diversity in Crohn's But Not in Ulcerative Colitis

Hansen

Russell

Reiff³

et al. 2012

American Journal of Gastroenterology

248

180

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The gastrointestinal microbiota is considered important in infl ammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Discoveries from established disease cohorts report reduced bacterial diversity, changes in bacterial composition, and a protective role for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Crohn ' s disease (CD). The majority of studies to date are however potentially confounded by the effect of treatment and a reliance on established rather than de-novo disease. METHODS:Microbial changes at diagnosis were examined by biopsying the colonic mucosa of 37 children: 25 with newly presenting, untreated IBD with active colitis (13 CD and 12 ulcerative colitis (UC)), and 12 pediatric controls with a macroscopically and microscopically normal colon. We utilized a dual-methodology approach with pyrosequencing (threshold >10,000 reads) and confi rmatory real-time PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS:Threshold pyrosequencing output was obtained on 34 subjects (11 CD, 11 UC, 12 controls). No signifi cant changes were noted at phylum level among the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, or Proteobacteria. A signifi cant reduction in bacterial α -diversity was noted in CD vs. controls by three methods (Shannon, Simpson, and phylogenetic diversity) but not in UC vs. controls. An increase in Faecalibacterium was observed in CD compared with controls by pyrosequencing (mean 16.7 % vs. 9.1 % of reads, P = 0.02) and replicated by specifi c F. prausnitzii RT-PCR (36.0 % vs. 19.0 % of total bacteria, P = 0.02). No disease-specifi c clustering was evident on principal components analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results offer a comprehensive examination of the IBD mucosal microbiota at diagnosis, unaffected by therapeutic confounders or changes over time. Our results challenge the current model of a protective role for F. prausnitzii in CD, suggesting a more dynamic role for this organism than previously described.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL is linked to the online version of the paper at

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“…29 Gut microbiota consists of a complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and animals and comprises the largest and most diverse reservoir of microorganisms. 30 The structure and function of the gut microbiota is determined by many factors including diet, physical activity, genetic, and epigenetic factors. 6 The gut microbiota can regulate about 10% of the host's transcriptome, especially those genes related to immunity, cell proliferation, and metabolism.…”

Section: Potential Role Of the Intestinal Microbiome In Regulation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut hormones and gut microbiota: implications for kidney function and hypertension

Afsar

Vaziri

Aslan

et al. 2016

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension

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Increased blood pressure (BP) and chronic kidney disease are two leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Increased sodium intake is one of the most important risk factors for development of hypertension. Recent data have shown that gut influences kidney function and BP by variety of mechanisms. Various hormones and peptides secreted from gut such as gastrin, glucocorticoids, Glucagon-like peptide-1 impact on kidney function and BP especially influencing sodium absorption from gut. These findings stimulate scientist to find new therapeutic options such as tenapanor for treatment of hypertension by blocking sodium absorption from gut. The gastrointestinal tract is also occupied by a huge community of microbes (microbiome) that under normal condition has a symbiotic relationship with the host. Alterations in the structure and function of the gut microbiota have been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis and complications of numerous diseases including hypertension. Based on these data, in this review, we provide a summary of the available data on the role of gut and gut microbiota in regulation of BP and kidney function. J Am Soc Hypertens 2016;-(-):1-8.

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Gut flora in health and disease

Cited by 2,937 publications

References 112 publications

Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Microbiota of De-Novo Pediatric IBD: Increased Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii and Reduced Bacterial Diversity in Crohn's But Not in Ulcerative Colitis

Gut hormones and gut microbiota: implications for kidney function and hypertension

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