Gut–lung axis: The microbial contributions and clinical implications

He, Yingkun; Qu, Wen; Yao, Fangfang; Xu, Dong; Huang, Yuancheng; Wang, Junshuai

doi:10.1080/1040841x.2016.1176988

Cited by 222 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…The existence of a gut-lung axis allowing cross-talk through the CMIS has been proposed as a potential explanation for how microbes in the GI tract might influence immune functions in the lungs relevant in health and disease (Marsland et al, 2015; He et al, 2017). One potential mechanism is through interactions between host cell pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and gut-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) leading to innate immune responses as well as systemic and CMIS immunoregulation (Neish, 2014; Davies and Abreu, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Probiotics Alter Healthy Feline Respiratory Microbiota

et al. 2017

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Probiotics have been advocated as a novel therapeutic approach to respiratory disease, but knowledge of how oral administration of probiotics influences the respiratory microbiota is needed. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of bacterial DNA our objective was to determine whether oral probiotics changed the composition of the upper and lower airway, rectal, and blood microbiota. We hypothesized that oral probiotics would modulate the respiratory microbiota in healthy cats, demonstrated by the detection and/or increased relative abundance of the probiotic bacterial species and altered composition of the microbial population in the respiratory tract. Six healthy young research cats had oropharyngeal (OP), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), rectal, and blood samples collected at baseline and 4 weeks after receiving oral probiotics. 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries were sequenced, and coverage, richness, and relative abundance of representative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined. Hierarchical and principal component analyses (PCA) demonstrated relatedness of samples. Mean microbial richness significantly increased only in the upper and lower airways. The number of probiotic OTUs (out of 5 total) that significantly increased in relative abundance vs. baseline was 5 in OP, 3 in BAL and 2 in feces. Using hierarchical clustering, BALF and blood samples grouped together after probiotic administration, and PERMANOVA supported that these two sites underwent significant changes in microbial composition. PERMANOVA revealed that OP and rectal samples had microbial population compositions that did not significantly change. These findings were visualized via PCA, which revealed distinct microbiomes in each site; samples clustered more tightly at baseline and had more variation after probiotic administration. This is the first study describing the effect of oral probiotics on the respiratory microbiota via detection of probiotic species in the airways. Finding bacterial species present in the oral probiotics in the upper and lower airways provides pilot data suggesting that oral probiotics could serve as a tool to target dysbiosis occurring in inflammatory airway diseases such as feline asthma, a disease in which cats serve as an important comparative and translational model for humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Probiotics Alter Healthy Feline Respiratory Microbiota

et al. 2017

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“…Acute lung injury (ALI) can disrupt the lung microbiota, induces a transient translocation of bacteria into blood and causes an acute increase of bacterial load in cecum (15). These studies emphasized the important role of gut-lung axis in development of diseases (16). However, to date, no study had investigated the characterization of gut microbiome in treatment naïve lung cancer patients, whether it is distinct from that of health individuals and contribute to the onset and development of lung cancer remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Lung Cancer Patients

Fang

Chen

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Better 24 understanding of factors and pathways involved in lung cancer is needed to improve 25 diagnose and treatment strategies. Recent studies have provided insights into the 26 possible correlation between intestinal dysbiosis and cancer development. Although 27 the immunological relationship between gut and lung had been suggested by many 28 researches, however, to date, no study had investigated the characterization of gut 29 microbiome in treatment naïve lung cancer patients, whether it is distinct from that of 30 health individuals and contribute to the onset and development of lung cancer remain 31 unclear. In this study, we investigated whether gut microbiome of lung cancer patients 32 (LC, n=28) is altered compare with that of matched healthy individuals (HC, n=19) by 33 high throughout sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of 16S rDNA in their fecal samples. 34 We also identified microbiota signatures specific for different histological types of 35 lung cancer, including SSC, ADC, and SCLC. The gut microbiome of lung cancer 36 patients is characterized by decreased relative abundance of Prevotella, and increased 37 bacteria groups such as Actinomyces, and Streptococcus, etc. We also detected a mild 38 structural shift in gut microbiome between ADC and SCLC patients. Our results 39 showed that the gut microbiome of lung cancer patients altered significantly 40 compared with healthy individuals. However, the association between microbial 41 dysbiosis and lung cancer is not clearly understood, future studies involving larger 42 cohorts and metagenomics, or metabolomics, may elucidate the correlations between 43 gut microbiota and lung cancer development. 44 IMPORTANCE This is the first report to show the alteration of gut microbiome in 45 4 lung cancer patients. Our results showed that the gut microbiome of lung cancer 46 patients altered significantly compared with healthy individuals. 47 48

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“…Furthermore, the respiratory microbiome shapes the immune system that defends the lungs against pathogens (209,306). The lung microbiome and lung immunity are both influenced by extrapulmonary microbiomes (58,81,106,190,209), including that of the gastrointestinal tract as detailed above, highlighting roles of microbiota outside the lungs affecting pneumonia.…”

Section: Lung Microbiome and Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Physiology of Pneumonia

Quinton

Walkey

Mizgerd

2018

Physiological Reviews

205

203

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Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is protective and inflammation is damaging. Intercellular and interorgan signaling networks coordinate these actions to fight infection and protect the tissue. Cells residing in the lung initiate and steer these responses, with additional immunity effectors recruited from the bloodstream. Responses of extrapulmonary tissues, including the liver, bone marrow, and others, are essential to resistance and resilience. Responses in the lung and extrapulmonary organs can also be counterproductive and drive acute and chronic comorbidities after respiratory infection. This review discusses cell-specific and organ-specific roles in the integrated physiological response to acute lung infection, and the mechanisms by which intercellular and interorgan signaling contribute to host defense and healthy respiratory physiology or to acute lung injury, chronic pulmonary disease, and adverse extrapulmonary sequelae. Pneumonia should no longer be perceived as simply an acute infection of the lung. Pneumonia susceptibility reflects ongoing and poorly understood chronic conditions, and pneumonia results in diverse and often persistent deleterious consequences for multiple physiological systems.

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Gut–lung axis: The microbial contributions and clinical implications

Cited by 222 publications

References 177 publications

Oral Probiotics Alter Healthy Feline Respiratory Microbiota

Oral Probiotics Alter Healthy Feline Respiratory Microbiota

Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Lung Cancer Patients

Integrative Physiology of Pneumonia

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