Gut Microbiome and Alcohol-associated Liver Disease

Philips, Cyriac Abby; Schnabl, Bernd; Bajaj, Jasmohan S.

doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2021.12.016

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It was previously found that smoking can lower gut ( Opstelten et al, 2016 ; Gui et al, 2021 ) and saliva ( Jia et al, 2021 ) microbiome diversity and contribute to the dysbiosis ( Wu et al, 2016 ; Huang and Shi, 2019 ) in these two body sites. Alcohol usage has also previously been closely linked to decreased gut microbiome diversity ( Bajaj, 2019 ; Philips et al, 2022 ) and increased oral ( Fan et al, 2018 ; Liao et al, 2022 ) microbiome diversity. Additionally, alcohol usage is associated with the growth of pathobionts and they can have a long-term effect on the microbiome ( Vetreno et al, 2021 ; Day and Kumamoto, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory studies of oral and fecal microbiome in healthy human aging

et al. 2022

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Growing evidence has linked an altered host fecal microbiome composition with health status, common chronic diseases, and institutionalization in vulnerable older adults. However, fewer studies have described microbiome changes in healthy older adults without major confounding diseases or conditions, and the impact of aging on the microbiome across different body sites remains unknown. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we reconstructed the composition of oral and fecal microbiomes in young (23–32; mean = 25 years old) and older (69–94; mean = 77 years old) healthy community-dwelling research subjects. In both body sites, we identified changes in minor bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between young and older subjects. However, the composition of the predominant bacterial species of the healthy older group in both microbiomes was not significantly different from that of the young cohort, which suggests that dominant bacterial species are relatively stable with healthy aging. In addition, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Rothia and Mycoplasma, was enriched in the oral microbiome of the healthy older group relative to the young cohort. We also identified several OTUs with a prevalence above 40% and some were more common in young and others in healthy older adults. Differences with aging varied for oral and fecal samples, which suggests that members of the microbiome may be differentially affected by aging in a tissue-specific fashion. This is the first study to investigate both oral and fecal microbiomes in the context of human aging, and provides new insights into interactions between aging and the microbiome within two different clinically relevant sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory studies of oral and fecal microbiome in healthy human aging

et al. 2022

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“…Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) mortality rose between 2006 and 2017 and it is the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States [39]. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota with an increase in pathobionts and a decrease in beneficial bacteria occurs in patients with ALD [40].…”

Section: Alcohol-associated Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the microbiome in liver disease

Schöler,

Schnabl

2024

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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Purpose of review The intestinal microbiome and the gut-liver axis play a major role in health and disease. The human gut harbors trillions of microbes and a disruption of the gut homeostasis can contribute to liver disease. In this review, the progress in the field within the last 3 years is summarized, focusing on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), autoimmune liver disease (AILD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent findings Changes in the fecal virome and fungal mycobiome have been described in patients with various liver diseases. Several microbial derived metabolites including endogenous ethanol produced by bacteria, have been mechanistically linked to liver disease such as MASLD. Virulence factors encoded by gut bacteria contribute to ALD, AILD and HCC. Novel therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome including phages, pre- and postbiotics have been successfully used in preclinical models. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been effective in attenuating liver disease. Probiotics are safe in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis and improve liver disease and alcohol addiction. Summary The gut–liver axis plays a key role in the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Understanding the microbiota in liver disease can help to develop precise microbiota centered therapies.

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“…These include use of FMT in recurrent HE, recurrent sepsis, multidrug resistant infections, severe alcohol-associated hepatitis not amenable for conventional care or liver transplantation and alcohol use disorder. 56…”

Section: Special Treatment Considerations In End Stage Liver Disease ...mentioning

confidence: 99%