Gut Microbiome and Colorectal Adenomas

Dulal, Santosh; Keku, Temitope O.

doi:10.1097/ppo.0000000000000050

Cited by 103 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies have recently looked at microbial dysbiosis, a pathologic imbalance in the microbial community, in the etiology of colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer. These, however, are in the early stages with additional studies required to define further the best sampling location, mucosal or luminal, and to elucidate the exact connections between the host gut microbiome and the onset of colorectal cancer (66).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Polyps: Systematic Review

Shah

Jones

Vidart

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is growing interest in early detection of colorectal cancer as current screening modalities lack compliance and specificity. This study systematically reviewed the literature to identify biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer and polyps. Literature searches were conducted for relevant papers since 2007. Human studies reporting on early detection of colorectal cancer and polyps using biomarkers were included. Methodologic quality was evaluated, and sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive value (PPV) were reported. The search strategy identified 3,348 abstracts. A total of 44 papers, examining 67 different tumor markers, were included. Overall sensitivities for colorectal cancer detection by fecal DNA markers ranged from 53% to 87%. Combining fecal DNA markers increased the sensitivity of colorectal cancer and adenoma detection. Canine scent detection had a sensitivity of detecting colorectal cancer of 99% and specificity of 97%. The PPV of immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) is 1.26%, compared with 0.31% for the current screening method of guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT). A panel of serum protein biomarkers provides a sensitivity and specificity above 85% for all stages of colorectal cancer, and a PPV of 0.72%. Combinations of fecal and serum biomarkers produce higher sensitivities, specificities, and PPVs for early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomas. Further research is required to validate these biomarkers in a well-structured population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(9); 1712-28. Ó2014 AACR.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Polyps: Systematic Review

Shah

Jones

Vidart

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…44, 45 Microbes that also have been demonstrated in colorectal cancer samples in humans and have speculatively been associated with colorectal cancer are Bacteroides fragilis and Streptococcus bovis , the latter particularly in patients who develop infective endocarditis. 44, 46, 47, 48, 49 Furthermore, S. bovis has also been associated with hematopoietic malignancy. 37, 50 It should be emphasized that despite the fact that oral cavity cancer, specifically squamous cell carcinoma, has been linked to numerous potential bacteria (examples include: Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Actinomyces, Clostridium, Haemophilus, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp., and Gemella spp.…”

Section: Microbiome In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome and potential targets for chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma

Neto

Whitaker

Pei

2016

Seminars in Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with a dismal prognosis. It is increasingly recognized that esophageal cancer is a heterogeneous disease. It can be subdivided into two distinct groups: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, based on histological appearance. In the Western world, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was considerably higher than esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) until the 1990s when, due to a dramatic increase, the incidence of EA surpassed that of squamous cell carcinoma. EA typically follows a well-established stepwise evolution from chronic inflammation due to reflux esophagitis (RE) that progresses to metaplasia (Barrett’s esophagus- BE) to dysplasia, which often culminates in EA. The pathophysiology of EA is complex and involves diverse factors, including gastroesophageal reflux, gastric acid secretion, dysfunction of the antireflux barrier, gastric emptying disturbances, and abnormalities in esophageal defense mechanisms. The current understanding of the etiology of EA is mainly derived from epidemiological studies of risk factors such as cigarette smoking, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disorders (GERD), and low fruit and vegetable consumption. Numerous studies have been done but the factors that drive the dynamic increase in the incidence of EA remain elusive. The advent of widespread antibiotic use occurred in the 1950s, preceding the surge of EA. Based on this temporal sequence, it has been hypothesized that antibiotics alter the microbiome to which the esophagus is exposed in patients who have GERD and that chronic exposure to this abnormal microbiome (i.e., changes in species diversity or abundance) accounts for the increase in EA. If changes in the proposed factors alter the stepwise progression (RE-BE-dysplasia- EA), they may represent potential targets for chemoprevention. New discoveries will help improve our understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of these cancers, and aid in finding novel therapeutic targets.

show abstract

“…Gut bacterial composition in patients with CRC differed significantly from that in healthy patients. 36,37 Certain types of bacterial species, such as Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Parvimonas, and Solobacterium, appeared to have a strong co-occurrence network in patients with CRC. 38 These microbial networks can be detected across ethnic and international boundaries.…”

Section: Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Screening

Nguyen

Weinberg

2016

J Natl Compr Canc Netw

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. The main goals of screening are to prevent carcinogenesis (via adenoma detection and removal) and detect cancer at an early, curable stage. CRC mortality is steadily dropping in the United States, partly because of greater screening utilization. However, nearly 1 in 3 average-risk people are not up to date with standard CRC screening recommendations. This review surveys a wide range of CRC biomarkers in various stages of development, which may offer attractive risk stratification tools; a few have reached the commercial stage. If widely accepted, these tools may contribute to shift CRC screening practices away from 1-step colonoscopy to a 2-step risk stratification process of predictive biomarker measurements followed by colonoscopy for lower-risk patients with a positive result. Such strategies could potentially increase the rate of CRC screening. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2016;14(8):1033-1040 NCCN: Continuing Education Accreditation StatementThis activity has been designed to meet the educational needs of physicians and nurses involved in the management of patients with cancer. There is no fee for this article. No commercial support was received for this article. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.NCCN designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.NCCN is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center`s Commission on Accreditation.NCCN designates the education activity for a maximum of 1.0 contact hour. Accreditation as a provider refers to recognition of educational activities only; accredited status does not imply endorsement by NCCN or ANCC of any commercial products discussed/ displayed in conjunction with the educational activity. Kristina M. Gregory, RN, MSN, OCN, is our nurse planner for this educational activity.All clinicians completing this activity will be issued a certificate of participation. To participate in this journal CE activity: 1) review the learning objectives and author disclosures; 2) study the education content; 3) take the posttest with a 66% minimum passing score and complete the evaluation at http://education.nccn.org/ node/79280; and 4) view/print certificate.Release date: August 10, 2016; Expiration date: August 10, 2017 Learning ObjectivesUpon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:• Describe advances in biomarker technology as risk stratification tools for CRC screening • Evaluate the efficacy, safety, convenience, and cost of stool, imaging, and endoscopy-based CRC screening methods

show abstract

Gut Microbiome and Colorectal Adenomas

Cited by 103 publications

References 71 publications

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Polyps: Systematic Review

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Polyps: Systematic Review

Microbiome and potential targets for chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma

Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Screening

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About