Gut Microbiome Toxicity: Connecting the Environment and Gut Microbiome-Associated Diseases

Tu, Pengcheng; Chi, Liang; Bodnar, Wanda M.; Zhang, Zhenfa; Gao, Bei; Bian, Xiaoming; Stewart, J R; Fry, Rebecca C.; Lü, Kun

doi:10.3390/toxics8010019

Cited by 88 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…A microbiome is the community of microorganisms in a specified location (Bäckhed et al, 2005) and the microbiomes of vertebrates have myriad effects on their hosts, from digestion (Oliphant and Allen-Vercoe, 2019) and behavior (Borre et al, 2014) to lifespan (Smith et al, 2017) and brain development (Heijtz et al, 2011). Microbiomes are important for the health of hosts and can affect the onset, duration, and severity of diseases, including intestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and others (Kinross et al, 2011;Nicholson et al, 2012;Tu et al, 2020). Most knowledge of vertebrate-associated microbiomes derives from mammalian hosts (Bleich and Fox, 2015;Colston and Jackson, 2016;Davenport et al, 2017;Sharpton, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation Correlates With Significant Changes in Relative Abundance in Hummingbird Fecal Microbiota, but Composition Changes Little

Herder

Spence

Tingley³

et al. 2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The microbial communities living on and in vertebrate hosts have myriad effects on their hosts, potentially including fitness and speciation. Microbiomes are influenced by both intrinsic (from the host) and extrinsic (from the environment) factors, but the relative contributions of each are unknown for most non-model species. Abiotic environmental factors can influence the microbiome directly but it is less clear how abiotic gradients shape microbiome communities in the wild. Here, we captured eight wild Anna’s hummingbirds from three different elevations along their elevational distribution in California and moved them directly to a middle (“Within Range”) elevation. After some time at this elevation, the birds were moved in captivity to an “Above Range” elevation, and two birds were later moved back to the Within Range elevation. Fecal and food samples were collected longitudinally and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene analyzed. The most abundant phyla in all samples were Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Individual Bird ID explained the greatest amount of microbiome variation at 27.5%, signifying some amount of stability in the Anna’s hummingbird fecal microbiome. Sample elevation explained 19.6% (p = 0.001) of the variation using weighted UniFrac, but only 2.0% (p = 0.047) using unweighted UniFrac, implying a change in abundance of bacterial lineages in the microbiome but not in the presence or absence of the microbes. Additionally, Fusobacteria were 7.0x more abundant in the Above Range elevation samples while Firmicutes were 0.3x lower. A thorough understanding of how the environment can shape the microbiome may assist in conservation efforts and a general understanding of host-microbiome relationships in an era of rapid and global environmental change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation Correlates With Significant Changes in Relative Abundance in Hummingbird Fecal Microbiota, but Composition Changes Little

Herder

Spence

Tingley³

et al. 2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…Tobacco‐related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Crohn's disease, and cancer, are increasing; however, the role or contribution of THS in these diseases remains largely unknown. Environmental exposures are recognized as important factors that can influence the abundance of specific microbes, which subsequently can act as risk factors for chronic diseases (Colquhoun et al, 2020; Tu et al, 2020). Therefore, the adverse health effects of tobacco smoke including THS may be at least in part mediated by modulating the human gut microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet studies show that early‐life environmental exposures have persistent effects on microbiome composition and function (Lozupone et al, 2012; Snijders et al, 2016). In recent years, evidence has emerged that exposure to toxic environmental chemicals leads to adverse health effects that are mediated through altering the gut microbiome (Colquhoun et al, 2020; Khan & Wang, 2019; Sbihi et al, 2019; Tsiaoussis et al, 2019; Tu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirdhand cigarette smoke leads to age‐dependent and persistent alterations in the cecal microbiome of mice

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2021

MicrobiologyOpen

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The gut microbiome composition is influenced by many factors including environmental exposures. Here, we investigated the effect of thirdhand cigarette smoke (THS) and exposure age on gut microbiome diversity. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to THS at human exposure relevant levels for three weeks during three different life stages: postnatal (0–3 weeks of age), pubescent (4–7 weeks of age), and adult (9–12 weeks of age), respectively. Cecal microbiome profiles were assessed at 17 weeks of age by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that age at THS exposure strongly influenced the cecal microbiome composition. Although postnatal THS exposure significantly influenced the microbial composition, pubescent and adulthood exposures only had minor effects. The microbiome of postnatally THS‐exposed mice significantly increased several degradation pathways that regulate glycolysis and pyruvate decarboxylation, and significantly decreased coenzyme A biosynthesis and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage. Our results indicate that mouse postnatal development is particularly susceptible to persistent THS exposure effects on the gut microbiome.

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“…It has been shown that exposure to xenobiotics such as antibiotics, heavy metals and artificial sweeteners induces gut microbiome toxicity. 53,54,55 Although many studies report on how antibiotic treatment alters gut microbiota, the effect on the gastric microflora is not widely reported.…”

Section: Dysbiosis (Microbial Imbalance) and Associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human stomach microbiota: Effects on health and disease

Ubhayawardana

Fernando

Gunasekara³

et al. 2021

Sri Lankan J Infec Dis

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The gut microbiota is a complex ecological community, consisting of trillions of microbes which include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The stomach was previously considered as a sterile site uninhabited by microbes due to its hostile environmental conditions. Breaking this concept, Helicobacter pylori was the first pathogen reported to inhabit the stomach. Recent studies have suggested that the stomach harbours transient as well as certain commensal bacterial and fungal species. The five major microbial phyla in the stomach have been identified as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria.The composition of gastric microbiota is dynamic and is affected by several factors. These include age group, dietary habits, medication use, inflammation of gastric mucosa and H. pylori colonization. Further, the role of host genetics has recently been studied in maintaining the stomach microbiota. Mutations in host genes may affect the host's immune response towards commensal bacteria and reduce their number and diversity.The essential multiple roles of gut microorganisms include maintaining homeostasis in the gut, contributing to immune function and extraction of nutrients and energy from our diets. Loss of the normal balance between the gut microbiota and host has been associated with several abnormal conditions and disorders such as obesity, malnutrition, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), neurological disorders, and cancer. In the stomach, the interaction between H. pylori and the gastric microbiota can also influence gastric disease progression. Further studies should focus on addressing the role of gastric dysbiosis in health and disease. Identifying gastric microbiota is essential to understand how the gut microbiota and H. pylori affect health and disease.

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Gut Microbiome Toxicity: Connecting the Environment and Gut Microbiome-Associated Diseases

Cited by 88 publications

References 128 publications

Elevation Correlates With Significant Changes in Relative Abundance in Hummingbird Fecal Microbiota, but Composition Changes Little

Elevation Correlates With Significant Changes in Relative Abundance in Hummingbird Fecal Microbiota, but Composition Changes Little

Thirdhand cigarette smoke leads to age‐dependent and persistent alterations in the cecal microbiome of mice

Human stomach microbiota: Effects on health and disease

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