Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity

DiBaise, John K.; Zhang, H; Crowell, Michael D.; Krajmalnik‐Brown, Rosa; Decker, G. Anton; Rittmann, Bruce E.

doi:10.14341/2071-8713-5283

Cited by 97 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…Other authors have reported an increase in the proportion of Firmicutes in animal models and adults with obesity. 18,19 Similar to our results, an increase in the proportion of these phyla was observed in European and African OW/W children compared to NW children. 9,10,20 However, several studies in adults have found an increase of Bacteroidetes, 21,22 less proportion of Firmicutes, unaltered Bacteroidetes ratio, 23 or no differences in the proportions between these two phyla with the obesity degree.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

High relative abundance of firmicutes and increased TNF-α levels correlate with obesity in children

et al. 2017

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Resumen Objetivo. Investigar la correlación entre las citocinas proinflamatorias o antiinflamatorias y los dos principales filos de la microbiota intestinal en niños obesos. Material y métodos. Se obtuvieron mediciones antropométricas de 890 niños de 6 a 14 años; posteriormente se clasificaron en normopeso y sobrepeso/obeso. Las concentraciones sé-ricas fueron medidas por el método de ELISA. La abundancia relativa de la microbiota intestinal en heces se evaluó por PCR tiempo real. Resultados. Los parámetros bioquímicos y antropométricos fueron estadísticamente más altos en niños con sobrepeso / obesidad que en niños delgados. Se encontraron niveles más altos de FNT-α en niños obesos que también tenían una abundancia relativa alta de Firmicutes. Conclusiones. Los niños obesos tienen una alta abundancia relativa de Firmicutes, la cual se correlaciona con un incremento de los niveles de FNT-α. Este es el primer estudio que evalúa la reacción entre la abundancia de Firmicutes y la concentración sérica de FNT-α en niños obesos.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

High relative abundance of firmicutes and increased TNF-α levels correlate with obesity in children

et al. 2017

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“…The gut microbiota participates in the saccharification of undigested polysaccharides to easily absorbable monosaccharides, and activation of lipoprotein lipase by direct action on the villus epithelium [21], playing a role in nutrient acquisition and energy regulation by the host [22]. It has been postulated that gut microbiota contributes to obesity, by increasing energy harvesting from diet, and modulating through its metabolites, the host metabolic pathways involved in lipid metabolism and energy regulating homoeostasis [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the diversity and short-chain fatty acids production by the bacterial community in overweight and obese Mexican children

Murugesan

Ulloa-Martínez

Martínez-Rojano

et al. 2015

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

132

111

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Obesity and overweight are health problems of multifactorial etiology, which may include changes in the microbiome. In Mexico, more than 30 % of the child population between 5 and 11 years of age suffer from being overweight or are obese, which makes it a public health issue in progress. The purpose of this work was to measure the short-chain fatty acid concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to characterize the bacterial diversity by ion torrent semiconductor sequencing, of 16S rDNA libraries prepared from stools collected from a sample of well-characterized Mexican children for normal weight, overweight, and obese conditions by anthropometric and biochemical criteria. We found that triglyceride levels are increased in overweight and obese children, who presented altered propionic and butyric acid concentrations in feces. In addition, although the colon microbiota did not show a clear bacterial dysbiosis among the three conditions, the abundance of some particular bacteria was changed with respect to normal controls. We conclude from our results that the imbalance in the abundance of at least nine different bacteria as well as altered short-chain fatty acid concentration in feces is associated to the overweight and obese conditions of Mexican children.

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“…Fiber material of food taken into the body is fermented in the large intestine and produces SCFAs (Fig. 1) [18,21,28]. As can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Ruminant Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Key physiologic and microbiological features of the gut [21]. Relative concentrations of bacteria and the pH at various locations within the adult gut are also noted.…”

Section: Ruminant Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cellulose and Recent Research into Butyrate

Yeo¹,

Choi²,

Cho³

2012

Journal of Life Science

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On earth, there are about 5,400 kinds of mammals, of which about 1,000 kinds are herbivores. Among herbivores, about 250 kinds are known to be ruminants. As for cattle and sheep, which are ruminants, fermentation takes places mainly in their rumen; in contrast, for pigs and men, which are non-ruminants, fermentation takes place mainly in their caecum, colon, and rectum. As for the kind and dominance of rumen microorganisms, Bacteroidetes account for 51% and Firmicutes for 43%. As for the dominance of the large intestine microorganisms in men, Firmicutes account for 65% and Bacteroidetes for 25%. Cell wall components are decomposed by microorganisms, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are generated through fermentation; the ratio of acetate, propionate, and butyrate generate is 60:25:15. Butyrate absorbed through the primary butyrate transporter MCT1 (mono carboxylate transports-1) in the intestines activates such SCFA receptors as GPR43 and GPR41. Butyrate has a strong anti-tumorigenic function. Butyrate is characterized by the fact that it has an effect on many cancer cells, contributes to the coordination of functions in the cells, and induces cancer apoptosis. Butyrate activates caspase but inhibits the activity of HDAC (histone deacetylase), so as to induce apoptosis. In addition, it increases p53 expression, so as to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Anti-inflammation actions of SCFA include the reduction of IL-8 expression in intestinal epithelial cells, the inhibition of NO synthesis, and the restraint of the activity of NF-kB (nuclear factor kB), so as to suppress the occurrence of cancers caused by inflammation. Butyrate plays an important role in maintaining physiological functions of intestinal mucous membranes and is used as a cure for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Digestive organ of ruminant and mono-gastric animals Ruminants are referred to as so because of their rumination or special digestive organ (the stomach), in which cud can be chewed. Ruminants are the most advanced animals of ungulates and the most multiplied and prevalent throughout the world. They have a rumination, which is a very peculiar digestive organ and possibly enables them to have survived poor vegetation conditions, allowing them to flourish greatly. The stomach of all ruminants is divided into four compartments including the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasums (of which rumen and reticulum are involved in rumination and called rumen). Rumination is a process in which food, once swallowed, is emitted back unto the mouth for re-chewing; of feeds returned into reticulum via rumen, those of which over a certain size will be returned again into rumen, accumulated, and regurgitated to the mouth. The regurgitated feeds will be smashed finely between molar teeth and mixed with saliva in the mouth, then returned to rumen for fermentation. Ruminants include cattle, sheep, goats, deer, musk deer, giraffes, and impalas.Pseudo-ruminants have a similar stomach to rumen in which microorganism fermentation takes place, but thei...

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Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

High relative abundance of firmicutes and increased TNF-α levels correlate with obesity in children

High relative abundance of firmicutes and increased TNF-α levels correlate with obesity in children

Study of the diversity and short-chain fatty acids production by the bacterial community in overweight and obese Mexican children

Use of Cellulose and Recent Research into Butyrate

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