Gut Microbiota and Sex Hormones: Crosstalking Players in Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Disease

Maffei, Silvia; Forini, Francesca; Canale, Paola; Nicolini, Giuseppina; Guiducci, Letizia

doi:10.3390/ijms23137154

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone, are the major decisive factors of sex differences in mammals [33]. Studies have shown that sex hormones generally influence the composition of the sex-specific gut microbiota by regulating intestinal homeostasis in the following ways [34][35][36]: (i) direct gene expression regulation in intestinal epithelial cells by binding with specific nuclear steroid hormone receptor (SHR) transcription factors; (ii) participation in the TLR pathway to change the inflammatory immune environment; and (iii) the activity of orphan nuclear estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA) in mitochondrial function. In agreement, α-diversity was significantly different between the sexes only among postpubescent mice [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation

Wang

Zhong

Zhu

et al. 2022

J Neuroinflammation

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Background and purpose Stroke is associated with high disability and mortality rates and increases the incidence of organ-related complications. Research has revealed that the outcomes and prognosis of stroke are regulated by the state of the intestinal microbiota. However, the possibility that the manipulation of the intestinal microbiota can alter sex-related stroke outcomes remain unknown. Methods To verify the different effects of microbiota from different sexes on stroke outcomes, we performed mouse fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and established a model of ischemic stroke. Male and female mice received either male or female microbiota through FMT. Ischemic stroke was triggered by MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion), and sham surgery served as a control. Over the next few weeks, the mice underwent neurological evaluation and metabolite and inflammatory level detection, and we collected fecal samples for 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Results We found that when the female mice were not treated with FMT, the microbiota (especially the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio) and the levels of three main metabolites tended to resemble those of male mice after experimental stroke, indicating that stroke can induce an ecological imbalance in the biological community. Through intragastric administration, the gut microbiota of male and female mice was altered to resemble that of the other sex. In general, in female mice after MCAO, the survival rate was increased, the infarct area was reduced, behavioral test performance was improved, the release of beneficial metabolites was promoted and the level of inflammation was mitigated. In contrast, mice that received male microbiota were much more hampered in terms of protection against brain damage and the recovery of neurological function. Conclusion A female-like biological community reduces the level of systemic proinflammatory cytokines after ischemic stroke. Poor stroke outcomes can be positively modulated following supplementation with female gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation

Wang

Zhong

Zhu

et al. 2022

J Neuroinflammation

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“…Dietary derivatives of these compounds include red meat, liver, fish, dairy products, and eggs, whereas sources of betaine (a choline oxidation product) also include wheat bran, wheat germ, and spinach ( Senthong et al, 2016 ). Intestinal bacterial strains with trimethylamine lyases convert these nutritional substrates to trimethylamine ( Maffei et al, 2022 ). Trimethylamine from the gut reaches the liver by portal circulation, where host hepatic FMO3 incorporates oxygen atoms into trimethylamine to form TMAO ( Gątarek and Kałużna-Czaplińska, 2021 ).…”

Section: Tmao Physiological and Pathophysiological Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed above, TMAO induces activation of the NF-kB resulting in the generation of proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to atherogenesis and vascular injury and remodelling ( Seldin et al, 2016 ). TMAO also upregulates the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation ( Chen et al, 2017 ), and increases serum levels of the proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin ( Maffei et al, 2022 ). NLRP3 Inflammasome leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines and this has been demonstrated in carotid artery endothelial cells (CAECs), human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) suggesting that NLRP3 initiates an endothelial inflammatory response cascade leading to endothelial dysfunction ( Seldin et al, 2016 ; Boini et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Tmao and Hypertension Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota dependant trimethylamine N-oxide and hypertension

et al. 2023

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The human gut microbiota environment is constantly changing and some specific changes influence the host’s metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions. Emerging evidence of the gut microbiota’s role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including hypertension is remarkable. There is evidence showing that alterations in the gut microbiota and especially the gut-dependant metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with hypertension. However, there is a scarcity of literature addressing the role of trimethylamine N-oxide in hypertension pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiota and gut microbiota dependant trimethylamine N-oxide in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We present evidence from both human and animal studies and further discuss new insights relating to potential therapies for managing hypertension by altering the gut microbiota.

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“…The compositional and functional disequilibrium of the gut ecosystem, known as dysbiosis, is accountable for the disclosure of several diseases from neurological affections [ 130 , 131 ], to the liver [ 132 ], cardiovascular [ 133 ], autoimmune diseases [ 134 ], food allergies [ 135 ], diabetes [ 136 ], obesity [ 137 ], cancer development [ 138 ], decreased calcium absorption [ 139 ], and even influence the severity of infectious disease such as COVID-19 [ 140 , 141 ]. The applicability of these compounds can exert an alleged “prebiotic” outcome on the health of humans and animals.…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Pegsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharide-Based Edible Gels as Functional Ingredients: Characterization, Applicability, and Human Health Benefits

Pascuta

Varvara

Teleky

et al. 2022

Gels

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Nowadays, edible materials such as polysaccharides have gained attention due to their valuable attributes, especially gelling property. Polysaccharide-based edible gels (PEGs) can be classified as (i) hydrogels, (ii) oleogels and bigels, (iii) and aerogels, cryogels and xerogels, respectively. PEGs have different characteristics and benefits depending on the functional groups of polysaccharide chains (e.g., carboxylic, sulphonic, amino, methoxyl) and on the preparation method. However, PEGs are found in the incipient phase of research and most studies are related to their preparation, characterization, sustainable raw materials, and applicability. Furthermore, all these aspects are treated separately for each class of PEG, without offering an overview of those already obtained PEGs. The novelty of this manuscript is to offer an overview of the classification, definition, formulation, and characterization of PEGs. Furthermore, the applicability of PEGs in the food sector (e.g., food packaging, improving food profile agent, delivery systems) and in the medical/pharmaceutical sector is also critically discussed. Ultimately, the correlation between PEG consumption and polysaccharides properties for human health (e.g., intestinal microecology, “bridge effect” in obesity, gut microbiota) are critically discussed for the first time. Bigels may be valuable for use as ink for 3D food printing in personalized diets for human health treatment. PEGs have a significant role in developing smart materials as both ingredients and coatings and methods, and techniques for exploring PEGs are essential. PEGs as carriers of bioactive compounds have a demonstrated effect on obesity. All the physical, chemical, and biological interactions among PEGs and other organic and inorganic structures should be investigated.

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Gut Microbiota and Sex Hormones: Crosstalking Players in Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 22 publications

References 171 publications

Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation

Different gender-derived gut microbiota influence stroke outcomes by mitigating inflammation

Gut microbiota dependant trimethylamine N-oxide and hypertension

Polysaccharide-Based Edible Gels as Functional Ingredients: Characterization, Applicability, and Human Health Benefits

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