Gut microbiota composition before infection determines the <i>Salmonella</i> super‐ and low‐shedder phenotypes in chicken

Kempf, Florent; Menanteau, Pierrette; Rychlı́k, Ivan; Kubasová, Tereza; Trotereau, Jérôme; Virlogeux-Payant, Isabelle; Schaeffer, Samantha; Schouler, Catherine; Drumo, Rosanna; Guitton, Édouard; Velge, Philippe

doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13621

Cited by 33 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Oral inoculation at hatch with the aforementioned tetra-colonization mixture also partially protected chickens against Salmonella enterica challenge, while colonization with adult hen microbiota entirely prevented Salmonella infection ( 42 ). In contrast to these published studies, we used an experimental setting mimicking native conditions with complex colonization instead of germ-free controls and combined host and microbiome-related approaches to test causation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Life Immune System Maturation in Chickens Using a Synthetic Community of Cultured Gut Bacteria

et al. 2021

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The gut microbiome is crucial for both maturation of the immune system and colonization resistance against enteric pathogens. Although chicken are important domesticated animals, the impact of their gut microbiome on the immune system is understudied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of microbiome-based interventions on host mucosal immune responses. Increased levels of IgA and IgY were observed in chickens exposed to maternal feces after hatching compared with strict hygienic conditions. This was accompanied by increased gut bacterial diversity as assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Cultivation work allowed the establishment of a collection of 43 bacterial species spanning 4 phyla and 19 families, including the first cultured members of 3 novel genera and 4 novel species that were taxonomically described. This resource is available at www.dsmz.de/chibac. A synthetic community consisting of nine phylogenetically diverse and dominant species from this collection was designed and found to be moderately efficient in boosting immunoglobulin levels when provided to chickens early in life. IMPORTANCE The immune system plays a crucial role in sustaining animal health. Its development is markedly influenced by early microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. As chicken are fully dependent on environmental microbes after hatching, extensive hygienic measures in production facilities are detrimental to the microbiota, resulting in low colonization resistance against pathogens. To combat enteric infections, antibiotics are frequently used, which aggravates the issue by altering gut microbiota colonization. Intervention strategies based on cultured gut bacteria are proposed to influence immune responses in chicken.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Life Immune System Maturation in Chickens Using a Synthetic Community of Cultured Gut Bacteria

et al. 2021

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“…The knowledge on the composition of complex gut microbiome has enhanced with the application of next generation sequencing [ 6 ]. Applying this technique, intestinal microbiota and their interactions with the chicken host have been elucidated in experimental infection models with several pathogens, for instance, infection with Eimeria tenella led to relative increase of Enterobacteriaceae and decrease of Lactobacillaceae [ 7 – 10 ]. Likewise, Histomonas meleagridis infection resulted in reduced gut microbial richness and diversity favouring caecal colonization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chicken layers [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhlitis induced by Histomonas meleagridis affects relative but not the absolute Escherichia coli counts and invasion in the gut in turkeys

Abdelhamid

Rychlı́k

Heß

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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Unlike in chickens, dynamics of the gut microbiome in turkeys is limitedly understood and no data were yet published in context of pathological changes following experimental infection. Thus, the impact of Histomonas meleagridis-associated inflammatory changes in the caecal microbiome, especially the Escherichia coli population and their caecal wall invasion in turkeys was investigated. Birds experimentally inoculated with attenuated and/or virulent H. meleagridis and non-inoculated negative controls were divided based on the severity of macroscopic caecal lesions. The high throughput amplicon sequencing of 16SrRNA showed that the species richness and diversity of microbial community significantly decreased in severely affected caeca. The relative abundances of operational taxonomic units belonging to Anaerotignum lactatifermentans, E. coli, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were higher and paralleled with a decreased abundances of those belonging to Alistipes putredinis, Streptococcusalactolyticus, Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri in birds with the highest lesion scores. Although the relative abundance of E. coli was higher, the absolute count was not affected by the severity of pathological lesions. Immunohistochemistry showed that E. coli was only present in the luminal content of caecum and did not penetrate even severely inflamed and necrotized caecal wall. Overall, it was demonstrated that the fundamental shift in caecal microbiota of turkeys infected with H. meleagridis was attributed to the pathology induced by the parasite, which only led to relative but not absolute changes in E. coli population. Furthermore, E. coli cells did not show tendency to penetrate the caecal tissue even when the intestinal mucosal barriers were severely compromised.

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“…In 7-day-old challenged chickens, Enterobacteriaceae was replaced by Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae from 28 to 35 days of life as previously reported [ 47 , 48 ]. The functions of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae involve the production of short chain fatty acids through the fermentation of indigestible polysaccharides [ 47 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium Cecal Colonisation and Improvement of Intestinal Health in Broilers Supplemented with Fermented Defatted ‘Alperujo’, an Olive Oil By-Product

Rebollada‐Merino

Ugarte‐Ruiz

Hernández

et al. 2020

Animals

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Salmonella spp. contaminates egg and poultry meat leading to foodborne infections in humans. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains has limited the use of antimicrobials. We aimed to determine the effects of the food supplement, fermented defatted ‘alperujo’ (FDA), a modified olive oil by-product, on Salmonella Typhimurium colonisation in broilers. One hundred and twenty 1-day-old broilers were divided into four experimental groups—two control groups and two treated groups, and challenged with S. Typhimurium at day 7 or 21. On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 of life, duodenum and cecum tissue samples were collected for histopathological and histomorphometric studies. Additionally, cecum content was collected for Salmonella spp. detection by culture and qPCR, and for metagenomic analysis. Our results showed a significant reduction of Salmonella spp. in the cecum of 42-day-old broilers, suggesting that fermented defatted ‘alperujo’ limits Salmonella Typhimurium colonization in that cecum and may contribute to diminishing the risk of carcass contamination at the time of slaughter. The improvement of the mucosal integrity, observed histologically and morphometrically, may contribute to enhancing intestinal health and to limiting Salmonella spp. colonisation in the host, mitigating production losses. These results could provide evidence that FDA would contribute to prophylactic and therapeutic measures to reduce salmonellosis prevalence in poultry farms.

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Gut microbiota composition before infection determines the Salmonella super‐ and low‐shedder phenotypes in chicken

Cited by 33 publications

References 59 publications

Early-Life Immune System Maturation in Chickens Using a Synthetic Community of Cultured Gut Bacteria

Early-Life Immune System Maturation in Chickens Using a Synthetic Community of Cultured Gut Bacteria

Typhlitis induced by Histomonas meleagridis affects relative but not the absolute Escherichia coli counts and invasion in the gut in turkeys

Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium Cecal Colonisation and Improvement of Intestinal Health in Broilers Supplemented with Fermented Defatted ‘Alperujo’, an Olive Oil By-Product

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