Gut microbiota: Implications in Parkinson's disease

Parashar, Arun; Malairaman, Udayabanu

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.02.002

Cited by 197 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…The probiotics consisted of six bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus rhamnosis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus plantarum LP28, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis) in a carrier matrix of maize starch, maltodextrins, and vegetable protein [27,33,34].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics Alleviate the Progressive Deterioration of Motor Functions in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2020

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the common long-term degenerative disorders that primarily affect motor systems. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in individuals with PD and often present before motor symptoms. It has been found that gut dysbiosis to PD pathology is related to the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Probiotics have been reported to have the ability to improve the symptoms related to constipation in PD patients. However, the evidence from preclinical or clinical research to verify the beneficial effects of probiotics for the motor functions in PD is still limited. An experimental PD animal model could be helpful in exploring the potential therapeutic strategy using probiotics. In the current study, we examined whether daily and long-term administration of probiotics has neuroprotective effects on nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and whether it can further alleviate the motor dysfunctions in PD mice. Transgenic MitoPark PD mice were chosen for this study and the effects of daily probiotic treatment on gait, beam balance, motor coordination, and the degeneration levels of dopaminergic neurons were identified. From the results, compared with the sham treatment group, we found that the daily administration of probiotics significantly reduced the motor impairments in gait pattern, balance function, and motor coordination. Immunohistochemically, a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell in the substantia nigra was significantly preserved in the probiotic-treated PD mice. These results showed that long-term administration of probiotics has neuroprotective effects on dopamine neurons and further attenuates the deterioration of motor dysfunctions in MitoPark PD mice. Our data further highlighted the promising possibility of the potential use of probiotics, which could be the relevant approach for further application on human PD subjects.

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Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics Alleviate the Progressive Deterioration of Motor Functions in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2020

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“…) and neurodegenerative diseases (Brandscheid et al . ; Parashar and Udayabanu ) that can affect the intestinal system. In this paper, I reviewed substantial live studies presenting compelling evidence for the interaction between impaired gut microbial diversity and AD, which is a stepping‐stone for proposing a hypothesis on the pathogenesis of AD.…”

Section: The Changes In Gut Microbiome Composition In Neurodegeneratimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most abundant genera in the healthy gut flora are Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, respectively. This profile may shift in some pathological circumstances such as depression (Wang et al 2017) and neurodegenerative diseases (Brandscheid et al 2017;Parashar and Udayabanu 2017) that can affect the intestinal system. In this paper, I reviewed substantial live studies presenting compelling evidence for the interaction between impaired gut microbial diversity and AD, which is a stepping-stone for proposing a hypothesis on the pathogenesis of AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

Bostancıklıoğlu

2019

Journal of Applied Microbiology

151

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This paper describes the effects of the gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's pathology by evaluating the current original key findings and identifying gaps in the knowledge required for validation. The diversity of the gut microbiota declines in the elderly and in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Restoring the diversity with probiotic treatment alleviates the psychiatric and histopathological findings. This presents a problem: How does gut microbiota interact with the pathogenesis of AD? The starting point of this comprehensive review is addressing the role of bacterial metabolites and neurotransmitters in the brain under various conditions, ranging from a healthy state to ageing and disease. In the light of current literature, we describe three different linkages between the present gut microbiome hypothesis and the other major theories for the pathogenesis of AD as follows: bacterial metabolites and amyloids can trigger central nervous system inflammation and cerebrovascular degeneration; impaired gut microbiome flora inhibits the autophagy‐mediated protein clearance process; and gut microbiomes can change the neurotransmitter levels in the brain through the vagal afferent fibres.

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“…138 There is a particularly strong link between the microbiome and Parkinson's disease, where the constipation suffered by a majority of Parkinson's disease sufferers 139 is linked to a-synuclein accumulation in the enteric nervous system, increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), and local inflammation (increased proinflammatory cytokines), which can occur years before the neural symptoms of Parkinson's disease become apparent. 140 Interestingly, both rats and transgenic C. elegans models of Parkinson's disease show increased aggregation of a-synuclein as well as increased neural inflammation when exposed to bacteria that produce ''curli'', a bacterial amyloid protein. 141 The intestinal microbiome appears to have a causal role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Microbiome and Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%