Gut microbiota in patients with kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) plays an essential role in kidney stone (KS) formation. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the composition of gut microbiota in kidney stone patients and healthy individuals, and further understand the role of gut microbiota in nephrolithiasis. Results Six databases were searched to find taxonomy-based comparison studies on the GMB until September 2022. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 to estimate the overall relative abundance of gut microbiota in KS patients and healthy subjects. Eight studies were included with 356 nephrolithiasis patients and 347 healthy subjects. The meta-analysis suggested that KS patients had a higher abundance of Bacteroides (35.11% vs 21.25%, Z = 3.56, P = 0.0004) and Escherichia_Shigella (4.39% vs 1.78%, Z = 3.23, P = 0.001), and a lower abundance of Prevotella_9 (8.41% vs 10.65%, Z = 4.49, P < 0.00001). Qualitative analysis revealed that beta-diversity was different between the two groups (P < 0.05); Ten taxa (Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavobacterium, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Rhodobacter and Gordonia) helped the detection of kidney stones (P < 0.05); Genes or protein families of the GMB involved in oxalate degradation, glycan synthesis, and energy metabolism were altered in patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a characteristic gut microbiota dysbiosis in kidney stone patients. Individualized therapies like microbial supplementation, probiotic or synbiotic preparations and adjusted diet patterns based on individual gut microbial characteristics of patients may be more effective in preventing stone formation and recurrence.

Unraveling the Gut Microbiome's Role in Kidney Stone Formation: Insights from Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Studies

“…Echoing previous research, our investigation also identi ed gut dysbiosis in patients with urolithiasis, characterized mainly by an increased abundance of Bacteroidota. This contrasts with earlier reports that did not nd signi cant changes in populations of Escherichia, Shigella, or Prevotella 11,12 . The consistent rise in Bacteroidota abundance emerges as a hallmark of gut dysbiosis associated with urolithiasis.…”

“…Gut bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bi dobacterium, Eubacterium, and Enterococcus faecalis have been implicated in the processes of oxalate absorption and stone formation 9 . Gut dysbiosis patterns, characterized by varying abundances of speci c microbial genera, have been identi ed in patients with stone disease, suggesting a complex interplay between gut microbial composition and urolithiasis 10,11 . Despite accumulating evidence of an association between the gut microbiota and stone formation, the causality of this relationship remains to be fully elucidated.…”

Urolithiasis Problems in Finishing Pigs

“…Although these microbiomes are difficult to detect using conventional urine culture protocols, they might influence the development of uroliths [ 39 ] by altering urinary pH to values different from those based on the cation–anion balance of the feed. Human research has shown that kidney stone patients have a characteristic gut microbiota dysbiosis that can affect stone formation [ 40 , 41 ]. The beneficial role of intestinal Oxalobacter formigenes in degrading intestinal oxalate and consequently reducing the renal oxalate burden is well-known [ 42 ].…”

Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance in kidney stone disease: a narrative review

“…The taxa at the genus level that significantly differentiated the two groups were Prevotella in the normal group and Acinetobacter in the KSD group ( 174 ). A meta-analysis including 8 studies indicated that the abundance of Bacteroides , Lactobacillus , and Prevotella showed the most significant difference in GMB between KSD patients and healthy controls ( 175 ). In UMB, Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Lactobacillus , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus , and Klebsiella are considered vital in KSD based on evidence in vivo and in vitro ( 166 , 168 , 176 – 178 ).…”