Gut microbiota, inflammation, and molecular signatures of host response to infection

Gou, Wanglong; Fu, Yuanqing; Liang, Yue; Chen, Gengdong; Cai, Xue; Shuai, Menglei; Xu, Fengzhe; Yi, Xiao; Chen, Hao; Zhu, Yi; Xiao, Mian-li; Jiang, Zengliang; Miao, Zelei; Xiao, Congmei; Shen, Bo; Wu, Xiaomai; Zhao, Haihong; Ling, Wenhua; Wang, Jun; Chen, Yuming; Guo, Tiannan; Zheng, Ju‐Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2021.04.002

Cited by 58 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Logistic regression models confirmed that poor gut health status was significantly associated with the presence of COVID-19 related symptoms (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.03–1.72; P = 0.029) and their severity (OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.07–1.61; P = 0.008). Interestingly, these observations are consistent with previous reports suggesting a putative link between poor gut health and vulnerability to severe COVID-19 illnesses [ 29 , 71 – 74 ]. A recent study stated that COVID-19-positive older people presenting with chronic medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity are at a higher risk for hospitalization and mortality than older people without these chronic conditions [ 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…revealed that a significant reduction in bacterial diversity in gut microbiota among COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls [ 71 ]. A depletion in the abundance of beneficial bacteria was reported, particularly those belonging to the class Clostridia [ 74 ] and Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families [ 71 ]. Furthermore, numerous gut commensals with known immunomodulatory potential including Bifidobacterium species but also Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were underrepresented in COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 individuals [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High association of COVID-19 severity with poor gut health score in Lebanese patients

et al. 2021

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of lives globally. However, the disease has presented more extreme challenges for developing countries that are experiencing economic crises. Studies on COVID-19 symptoms and gut health are scarce and have not fully analyzed possible associations between gut health and disease pathophysiology. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate a potential association between gut health and COVID-19 severity in the Lebanese community, which has been experiencing a severe economic crisis. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive Lebanese patients. Participants were interviewed and gut health, COVID-19 symptoms, and different metrics were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression models. Results Analysis of the data showed that 25% of participants were asymptomatic, while an equal proportion experienced severe symptoms, including dyspnea (22.7%), oxygen need (7.5%), and hospitalization (3.1%). The mean age of the participants was 38.3 ±0.8 years, and the majority were males (63.9%), married (68.2%), and currently employed (66.7%). A negative correlation was found between gut health score and COVID-19 symptoms (Kendall’s tau-b = -0.153, P = 0.004); indicating that low gut health was associated with more severe COVID-19 cases. Additionally, participants who reported unhealthy food intake were more likely to experience severe symptoms (Kendall’s tau-b = 0.118, P = 0.049). When all items were taken into consideration, multiple ordinal logistic regression models showed a significant association between COVID-19 symptoms and each of the following variables: working status, flu-like illness episodes, and gut health score. COVID-19 severe symptoms were more common among patients having poor gut health scores (OR:1.31, 95%CI:1.07–1.61; P = 0.008), experiencing more than one episode of flu-like illness per year (OR:2.85, 95%CI:1.58–5.15; P = 0.001), and owning a job (OR:2.00, 95%CI:1.1–3.65; P = 0.023). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study that showed the impact of gut health and exposure to respiratory viruses on COVID-19 severity in Lebanon. These findings can facilitate combating the pandemic in Lebanon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High association of COVID-19 severity with poor gut health score in Lebanese patients

et al. 2021

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“…Likewise, Gou et al [28] showed that the Bacteroides genus, and specifically B. ovatus, was associated with inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ [28]. These depleted species in COVID-19 patients are known to play immunomodulatory roles in the human gastrointestinal system [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Microbiota as an early severity biomarker in COVID-19 hospitalised patients: a retrospective cohort study in a Mediterranean area

Ventero

Moreno-Pérez

Molina-Pardines

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: There is mounting evidence suggesting that the microbiome composition could be different in COVID-19 patients. However, the relationship between microbiota and COVID-19 severity progression is still being assessed. This study aimed to analyse the diversity and taxonomic composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiota, to determine its association with COVID-19 clinical outcome. Methods and Findings: Samples came from a retrospective cohort of adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalised in a tertiary centre. To study the nasopharyngeal microbiota, we utilized 16S rRNA sequencing. Raw sequences were processed by QIIME2. The associations between the microbiota, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and all-cause mortality were analysed by multiple logistic regression (OR; 95%CI), adjusted for age, gender, and comorbidity. 177 patients were included: median age 68.0 years, 57.6% males, 59.3% had a Charlson comorbidity index ≥3, and 89.2% with pneumonia. The microbiota α diversity indexes were lower in patients with a fatal outcome, and this association persisted after adjustment for the main confounders; whereas the β diversity analysis showed a significant clustering, grouping the patients with a fatal outcome. After multivariate adjustment, the presence of Selenomonas spp., Filifactor spp., Actinobacillus spp., or Chroococcidiopsis spp., was associated with a reduced risk of IMV (adjusted OR 0.06[95%CI 0.01–0.047], p = 0.007). Conclusions: The microbiota diversity and taxonomic composition are related to COVID-19 severity. Higher diversity and the presence of certain genera in the nasopharyngeal microbiota seem to be early biomarkers of a favourable clinical evolution in hospitalised patients with moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.

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“…Using machine learning models, Guo et al demonstrated in their multi-omics analyses, a risk score based on 20 blood proteomic biomarkers, predicting severity of COVID-19 infection. They demonstrated that a core set of gut microbiota can predict the proteomic biomarkers among 301 individuals and these correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in another independent set of 366 individuals [105]. Fecal metabolomics analysis suggests potential amino acid-related pathways linking gut microbiota to host metabolism and inflammation.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome, Vitamin D, ACE2 interactions are critical factors in immune-senescence and inflammaging: key for vaccine response and severity of COVID-19 infection

Shenoy

2021

Inflamm. Res.

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Gut microbiota, inflammation, and molecular signatures of host response to infection

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

High association of COVID-19 severity with poor gut health score in Lebanese patients

High association of COVID-19 severity with poor gut health score in Lebanese patients

Nasopharyngeal Microbiota as an early severity biomarker in COVID-19 hospitalised patients: a retrospective cohort study in a Mediterranean area

Gut microbiome, Vitamin D, ACE2 interactions are critical factors in immune-senescence and inflammaging: key for vaccine response and severity of COVID-19 infection

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