Gut microbiota linked to autoimmune uveitis

Horai, Reiko

doi:10.21037/aes.2017.03.02

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Earlier studies had indicated dysbiosis in the gut bacterial microbiome of rats and mice with auto-immune UVT. [5][6][7] Our own study also confirmed gut bacterial microbiome dysbiosis in human beings with auto-immune and idiopathic UVT. 4 Two papers 6,7 indicated that HLA B27 affects the microbiome and in turn predisposes to UVT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…[2][3][4] Studies in mice models also suggested a role for the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of UVT and indicated that altering the bacterial composition would attenuate the disease. [5][6][7] The most probable mechanism by which gut microbiome influences disease pathology is through the interaction with host immune system. 8,9 Studies showing association of gut fungal microbiome with diseases are less compared to bacterial microbiomes, which may be attributed to the several challenges that are faced in characterizing fungal communities right from extraction of genomic DNA to molecular identification, the latter mainly due to the presence of high sequence length variability in fungal sequences (ITS1 and ITS2) and due to the incomplete availability of fungal reference sequence databases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Implicating Dysbiosis of the Gut Fungal Microbiome in Uveitis, an Inflammatory Disease of the Eye

Jayasudha

Chakravarthy

Prashanthi

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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In this study, the gut fungal microbiome of uveitis (UVT) patients was generated and compared with healthy controls (HC) to identify dysbiosis in UVT patients and ascertain the role of gut fungal microbiome in disease pathology. METHODS. In the present study, gut fungal microbiomes were analyzed in the fecal samples of HC (n ¼ 24) and UVT patients (n ¼ 14) using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of ITS2 region of the fungal ribosomal RNA. QIIME and R software were used for data analysis. RESULTS. The gut fungal richness and diversity were significantly decreased in UVT patients compared to HC. Our analyses showed enrichment of several pathogenic fungi including Malassezia restricta, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Aspergillus gracilis in UVT patients. Heatmap and discriminatory OTUs further confirmed the disparities between UVT and HC microbiomes. CONCLUSIONS. This is the first study demonstrating dysbiosis in the gut fungal communities of UVT patients indicating the importance of fungal microbiome in the disease pathology. These initial findings might warrant further investigation into the fungal microbiome, especially interactions between fungal and bacterial that then might give further insight into how probiotics or fecal transplants might benefit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicating Dysbiosis of the Gut Fungal Microbiome in Uveitis, an Inflammatory Disease of the Eye

Jayasudha

Chakravarthy

Prashanthi

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Microbiota can have both a causal (Horai and Caspi, 2019) and a protective effect in immune-mediated uveitis (Lin, 2019). Our results support the current view that microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune uveitis and may lead to new potential targets for therapeutic modulation of the disease (Horai, 2017, Janowitz et al, 2019. However, it is still not fully understood how uveitis can be treated or prevented by modulating the intestinal microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Metronidazole Attenuates the Intensity of Inflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis

Seidler Štangová,

Dusek,

Klimova

et al. 2019

Fol. Biol.

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Autoimmune uveitis is a serious sightthreatening disease that in many cases fails to respond to conventional immunosuppressive or biological therapy. Experimental models used in research allow more detailed study of pathogenesis of the autoimmune process and testing new therapeutic strategies. Recent results show that infection can trigger autoimmune diseases, and some commensal microorganisms are essential in causing disease activity. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of broadspectrum antibiotics – combination of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin or metronidazole alone – on the intensity of intraocular inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). EAU was induced in mouse strain C57BL/6J by interphotoreceptor retinoid- binding protein in complete Freund’s adjuvant and pertussis toxin. The grade of uveitis was assessed clinically and histologically in haematoxylin and eosin- stained tissues. Lymphocytes and macrophages were detected in cryosections using the immunoperoxidase method with antibodies. The therapy was commenced one week before EAU induction and continued throughout the experiment. In addition, metronidazole treatment was also started two weeks before EAU induction. Antibiotics significantly reduced the intensity of uveitis compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The effects of combination of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole and of metronidazole alone were similar when the therapy started one week before EAU induction (P < 0.05). Metronidazole commenced two weeks before EAU induction and throughout the experiment suppressed the intensity of EAU with even higher statistical significance (P < 0.0001). It can be assumed that the high protective effect of metronidazole on EAU intensity may be due not only to its antimicrobial effect, but also to its immunomodulatory activity.

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“…One of the first pieces of evidence on the relationship between GM and the pathogenesis of uveitis came in 2014, when Lin et al reported that transgenic rats harbouring the human HLA-B27 gene (a well-known risk factor for acute anterior uveitis) had decreased relative abundance of caecal Bacteroides vulgatus and Rikenellaceae in favour of Prevotella species [78]. Furthermore, mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis treated with oral antibiotics showed a reduced abundance of Dorea, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Coprococcus, which are associated with disease symptoms [79,80]. Conversely, the administration of oral antibiotics clinically ineffective for this disease failed to reverse the GM composition of affected mice, demonstrating the importance of the intestine in achieving therapeutic success [79,80].…”

Section: Uveitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis treated with oral antibiotics showed a reduced abundance of Dorea, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Coprococcus, which are associated with disease symptoms [79,80]. Conversely, the administration of oral antibiotics clinically ineffective for this disease failed to reverse the GM composition of affected mice, demonstrating the importance of the intestine in achieving therapeutic success [79,80]. In line with this evidence, GM reshaping has been reported to mediate the clinical benefits associated with the intake of antimetabolites or anti-inflammatory substances in preclinical uveitis models [81,82].…”

Section: Uveitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Gut–Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases

Campagnoli,

Varesi,

Barbieri

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The human microbiota refers to a large variety of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that live in different human body sites, including the gut, oral cavity, skin, and eyes. In particular, the presence of an ocular surface microbiota with a crucial role in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis by preventing colonization from pathogen species has been recently demonstrated. Moreover, recent studies underline a potential association between gut microbiota (GM) and ocular health. In this respect, some evidence supports the existence of a gut–eye axis involved in the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, and glaucoma. Therefore, understanding the link between the GM and these ocular disorders might be useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation through which the GM could be modulated, thus allowing better management of these diseases.

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Gut microbiota linked to autoimmune uveitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Implicating Dysbiosis of the Gut Fungal Microbiome in Uveitis, an Inflammatory Disease of the Eye

Implicating Dysbiosis of the Gut Fungal Microbiome in Uveitis, an Inflammatory Disease of the Eye

Metronidazole Attenuates the Intensity of Inflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis

Targeting the Gut–Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases

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