Gut Microbiota: Modulation of Host Physiology in Obesity

Nehra, Vandana; Allen, John; Mailing, Lucy J.; Kashyap, Purna C.; Woods, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1152/physiol.00005.2016

Cited by 59 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 95 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, among the obese participants, the changes in gut microbiota diversity corresponded to an improvement in maximalV O 2 . Certainly, Owing to the systemic cardiometabolic benefits of physical activity, it is logical that insufficient quantities contribute to poorer health outcomes, including dysbiosis (Nehra, Allen, Mailing, Kashyap, & Woods, 2016). However, in humans, the underlying mechanisms whereby physical activity and gut microbiota interact to effect host physiology remain largely unexplored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota diversity is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in post‐primary treatment breast cancer survivors

Carter

Hunter

Blackston

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New Findings What is the central question of this study?Does the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and gut microbiota diversity persist after adjusting for the potential effects of percentage body fat and activity‐related energy expenditure (AEE)? What is the main finding and its importance?This is the first study to examine the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and gut microbiota diversity while accounting for the underlying effects of percentage body fat and free‐living AEE. Results from the present work suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, not physical activity, is a superior correlate of gut microbiota diversity among post‐primary treatment, non‐metastatic breast cancer survivors. Abstract Cancer treatment uniquely triggers multiple physiological shifts detrimental to overall health. Although previous research indicates a link between the gut microbiota and cardiorespiratory fitness, it is unclear whether these findings are attributable to potential underlying effects of percentage body fat or free‐living activity energy expenditure (AEE). The microbe composition of faecal specimens from 37 breast cancer survivors was determined using 16S microbiome analyses. Individual‐sample microbiota diversity (α‐diversity) and between‐sample community differences (β‐diversity) were examined. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak ) was estimated from a graded exercise test consistent with the modified Naughton protocol, in which exercise terminates at 85% of age‐predicted maximal heart rate. The AEE was measured over 10 days using doubly labelled water, wherein the percentage body fat was calculated from total body water. Pearson correlations revealed α‐diversity indices (Chao1, observed species, PD whole tree and Shannon) to be positively associated with V̇O2 peak (r = 0.34–0.51; P < 0.05), whereas the percentage of maximal heart rate during stages 1–4 of the graded exercise test (r = −0.34 to −0.50; P < 0.05) and percentage body fat (r = −0.32 to −0.41; P < 0.05) were negatively associated with the same α‐diversity indices. Multiple linear regression models showed that V̇O2 peak accounted for 22 and 26% of the variance in taxonomic richness (observed species) and phylogenic diversity after adjustment for percentage body fat and menopausal status. Unweighted UniFrac (β‐diversity) was significant for several outcomes involving cardiorespiratory fitness, and significant taxa comparisons were found. Associations between gut microbiota and free‐living AEE were not found. Results from the present work suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, not physical activity, is a superior correlate of gut microbiota diversity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota diversity is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in post‐primary treatment breast cancer survivors

Carter

Hunter

Blackston

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract provides an interface for microorganisms to interact with the host. The outer layer of the gut mucosa is usually colonized by commensal microbes, whereas the inner layer of gut mucosa remains sterile [10,12]. Diet plays a major role in the modulation of gut microbiota [10,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Term High Fat Diet Induces Obesity‐Enhancing Changes in Mouse Gut Microbiota That are Partially Reversed by Cessation of the High Fat Diet

Shang

Khafipour

Derakhshani³

et al. 2017

Lipids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gut microbiota is proposed as a "metabolic organ" involved in energy utilization and is associated with obesity. Dietary intervention is one of the approaches for obesity management. Changes in dietary components have significant impacts on host metabolism and gut microbiota. In the present study, we examined the influence of dietary fat intervention on the modification of gut mucosa-associated microbiota profile along with body weight and metabolic parameter changes. Male C57BL/6J mice (6-week old) were fed a low fat diet (10% kcal fat) as a control or a high fat diet (HFD 60% kcal fat) for 7 weeks. In another group, mice were fed HFD for 5 weeks followed by low fat control diet for 2 weeks (HFD + Control). At 7 weeks, body weight gain, blood glucose and hepatic triacylglycerol levels of mice fed a HFD were significantly higher than that of the control group and the HFD + Control group. There were significant differences in the diversity and predicted functional properties of microbiota in the cecum and colon mucosa between the control group and the HFD group. HFD feeding reduced the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, a microbiota pattern often associated with obesity. The HFD + Control diet partially restored the diversity and composition of microbiota in the cecum to the pattern observed in mice fed a control diet. These results suggest that short-term high fat diet withdrawal can restore metabolic changes and prevent excess body weight gain, however, long-term dietary intervention may be required to optimize the restoration of gut microbiota in mouse.

show abstract

“…Feeding mice with live Akkermansia muciniphila can prevent diet‐induced obesity without affecting appetite or eating habits (Everard et al, ). Nehra discovered that the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut of humans and animals was inversely related to host body weight, fat content and insulin resistance, which can be used as a potential biomarker for assessing nutritional status and metabolic diseases (Derrien et al, ; Nehra, Allen, Mailing, Kashyap, & Woods, ). Obese mice with type 2 diabetes have a reduced abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in a high‐fat diet, and its abundance was increased after intervention with a drug, with increased body fat, fatty inflammation and insulin resistance having also been reversed (Plovier et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cecotrophy on fat metabolism mediated by caecal microorganisms in New Zealand white rabbits

Huang

et al. 2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cecotrophy is a special behaviour of rabbits. Eating soft faeces can improve feed efficiency and maintain gut flora in rabbits. In our previous study, we found that fasting from soft faeces significantly reduced growth rate and total cholesterol (TC) in New Zealand white rabbits (NZW rabbits), thereby resulting in lower values for body weight and fat deposition in the soft faeces fasting group than in the control group. However, it has not been demonstrated whether cecotrophy by NZW rabbits can regulate lipid metabolism by changing the diversity of caecal microorganisms. In this study, thirty‐six 28‐day‐old weaned NZW female rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (the soft faeces fasting group and the control group) and fed to 90 days. Rabbits in the experimental group were treated with an Elizabeth circle to prevent them from eating their soft faeces. Then, the caecal contents of three rabbits from the soft faeces fasting group and three rabbits from the control group were collected for metagenomic sequencing. We found that the abundance of Bacteroides increased, while Ruminococcus decreased, compared with the control group after fasting from soft faeces. Relative abundance was depressed for genes related to metabolic pathways such as ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, riboflavin metabolism and bile secretion. Moreover, there was a general correlation between variation in microbial diversity and fat deposition. Bacteroides affects body weight and TC by participating in the riboflavin metabolism pathway. By investigating the effect of cecotrophy on caecal microorganisms of rabbits, we identified the key microorganisms that regulate the rapid growth performance of NZW rabbits, which may provide useful reference for the future research and development of microecological preparations for NZW rabbits.

show abstract

Gut Microbiota: Modulation of Host Physiology in Obesity

Cited by 59 publications

References 95 publications

Gut microbiota diversity is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in post‐primary treatment breast cancer survivors

Gut microbiota diversity is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in post‐primary treatment breast cancer survivors

Short Term High Fat Diet Induces Obesity‐Enhancing Changes in Mouse Gut Microbiota That are Partially Reversed by Cessation of the High Fat Diet

Influence of cecotrophy on fat metabolism mediated by caecal microorganisms in New Zealand white rabbits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About