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Azim, Tasnim; Chowdhury, Ezazul Islam; Reza, Masud; Ahmed, Munir; Uddin, M. T.; Khan, Rasheda; Ahmed, Gehan M.; Rahman, Motiur; Khandakar, Irona; Khan, Sharful Islam; Sack, David A.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

doi:10.1186/1477-7517-3-33

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Overlap between sex work and injecting drug use is especially high in parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia and is a growing concern in some Latin American countries, such as Mexico (El-Bassel et al, 2014a; Morris et al, 2013). Women engaging in both the sex trade and use of illicit drugs are more likely to share needles/syringes and other injection paraphernalia amongst themselves and their clients, have unprotected sex with their clients as well as their intimate partners, have higher rates of STIs and they are also more likely to experience sexual violence and incarceration (Azim et al, 2006; Des Jarlais, Feelemyer, Modi, Arasteh, & Hagan, 2012; N. El-Bassel, S. A. Shaw, A. Dasgupta, & S. A. Strathdee, 2014b).…”

Section: Women Drug Use and Sex Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women, drugs and HIV

Azim

Bontell

Strathdee

2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

Self Cite

120

125

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Women who inject drugs are among the most vulnerable to HIV through both unsafe injections and unprotected sex. They are also among the most hidden affected populations, as they are more stigmatized than their male counterparts. Many sell sex to finance their own and their partner’s drug habit and often their partner exerts a significant amount of control over their sex work, condom use and injection practices. Women who use drugs all over the world face many different barriers to HIV service access including police harassment, judgmental health personnel and a fear of losing their children. In order to enable these women to access life-saving services including needle-syringe and condom programs, opioid substitution therapy and HIV testing and treatment, it is essential to create a conducive environment and provide tailor-made services that are adapted to their specific needs. In this commentary, we explore the risks and vulnerabilities of women who use drugs as well as the interventions that have been shown to reduce their susceptibility to HIV infection.

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Section: Women Drug Use and Sex Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women, drugs and HIV

Azim

Bontell

Strathdee

2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

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120

125

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“…Studies in all regions of the world have reported on the high prevalence of violence suffered by people selling sex (10,22,23,24). It appears to be closely related to context, with isolated workers or workers in public places being most at risk.…”

Section: Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational health and safety among commercial sex workers

Ross¹,

Crisp²,

Månsson³

et al. 2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Our reviewed articles also show the consistent violent culture among DU-FSWs. Drug use among both FSWs and their clients exacerbated gender-based violence, as drug use jeopardized the women's negotiating power in selecting clients and implementing safe sex practices (Parry et al, 2009;Strathdee, et al, 2011), placed them at a greater risk of HIV/STIs (Azim et al, 2006), and often made clients more violent due to their frustrations with impotence (Leggett 2001). Furthermore, compared to their peers who did not use drugs, DU-FSWs were more likely to experience psychological distress, which put the women at enhanced risk for HIV infection (Tang et al, 2014;Seth et al, 2009;Ulibarri, Strathdee, Patterson, 2010).…”

Section: Sex-related Hiv Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most quantitative studies used cross-sectional design (34/37) and only three were cohort studies (Azim et al, 2006;Weber et al, 2002;Vioque et al, 1998). The majority of the studies recruited research participants through STI clinics or other related local community settings (e.g., AIDS outreach offices, HIV-outpatient facilities, national sentinel surveillance sites).…”

Section: Study Design and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Using Female Sex Workers and HIV Risk: A Systematic Review of the Global Literature

Yu¹,

Li²

2018

GJHS

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This review examines the global literature concerning HIV risk among drug-using female sex workers (DU-FSWs). In the context of HIV prevention, the possible synergetic effects of sexual risk and drug-related risk merit a systematic review to get a better understanding of such effects among this highly vulnerable population. In particular, we look at research on the association between drug use and HIV risk among female sex workers (FSWs) in terms of multiple indicators such as HIV infection, needle sharing, and unprotected sex.The current review, through synthesizing the findings from 41 studies conducted in multiple nations, reveals a complex picture of HIV risk for DU-FSWs across diverse societies. Research findings are mixed but tend to show that drug-related and sex-related risk behaviors accelerated the risk of HIV/STI among DU-FSWs, underscoring considerable vulnerabilities. However, findings about the level of the association and significance, as well as the mechanisms of HIV transmission, are inconsistent among various empirical studies. The variations in findings may be attributed to the specificities of diverse social contexts, various characteristics of the study samples, and different measurements in different studies. The mixed findings point to the need for more empirical studies targeting DU-FSWs to understand how drug use and sexual risk interactively affect this population differently in different social contexts. Future research should focus on multiple-level risk/preventive factors, assess the overlap between drug-using networks and sexual networks, and identify the synergetic dynamics between drug use and sex work. Development of conceptual frameworks and methodological innovations are also needed.

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Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

Women, drugs and HIV

Women, drugs and HIV

Occupational health and safety among commercial sex workers

Drug-Using Female Sex Workers and HIV Risk: A Systematic Review of the Global Literature

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