Gynecomastia

Wiesman, Irvin M.; Lehman, James A.; Parker, Michael; Tantri, M. Devi Prasad; Wagner, David J.; Pedersen, John C.

doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000116256.01831.17

Cited by 63 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“… 9 , 17 – 19 , 22 – 24 , 26 , 29 , 31 The next most common surgical procedure was MSR, which was performed by 8 of the authors. 18 – 20 , 23 – 25 , 27 , 28 MSR was most frequently reported to be used in patients with Simon grades II–III gynecomastia, with the exception of Wyrick et al 28 performing this technique in some grade I patients. In contrast, only 4 authors reported the use of liposuction alone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Holzmer

Lewis

Landau

et al. 2020

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Summary: Gynecomastia is a graded condition characterized by enlargement of the male breast that affects a significant proportion of the male population. A plethora of varying surgical approaches currently exists in the literature; thus this comprehensive review sought to analyze surgical practice patterns and trends as they pertain to gynecomastia grade and severity. The current literature was queried utilizing the PubMed and MEDLINE databases—based on predefined parameters and individual review, 17 studies were ultimately included. Key data points included gynecomastia grade, surgical intervention, rate of complication, including hematoma, seroma, infection, and necrosis, and drain use. Two-sample t test was utilized for further analysis. A total of 1112 patients underwent surgical treatment for gynecomastia. Skin-sparing mastectomy with or without liposuction was the most frequently used procedure followed by mastectomy with skin reduction. Major complication rates ranged from 0% to 33%, with hematoma formation being most common (5.8%) followed seroma (2.4%). There was a higher rate of hematoma/seroma formation among authors who routinely utilized drain placement (9.78% versus 8.36%; P = 0.0051); however, this is likely attributable to the large discrepancy in percentage of grade III patients found in each group (50.23% versus 4.36%; P = 0.0000). As a wide variety of surgical techniques exist for the treatment of gynecomastia, an individualized approach based upon gynecomastia grade and patient preference may assist the surgeon in providing optimal outcomes. This senior author’s preferred method for treatment of gynecomastia is illustrated in the included algorithm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Holzmer

Lewis

Landau

et al. 2020

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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“…[3] In these cases, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Despite many operative techniques being described, the principal aims of surgery remain to correct the deformity, restore normal body contour and image, maintain the viability of the nipple-areola complex and avoid excessive scarring.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outcome studies of surgical correction have generally shown high levels of satisfaction. [23] However, Ridha et al . demonstrated only a 62.5% of patients within a cohort of 74 patients were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with their surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynaecomastia correction: A review of our experience

Arvind

Khan

Srinivasan

et al. 2014

Indian J Plast Surg

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Introduction:Gynaecomastia is a common problem in the male population with a reported prevalence of up to 36%. Various treatment techniques have been described but none have gained universal acceptance. We reviewed all gynaecomastia patients operated on by one consultant over a 7-year period to assess the morbidity and complication rates associated with the procedure.Materials and Methods:Clinical notes and outpatient records of all patients who underwent gynaecomastia correction at University Hospital North Staffordshire between 01/10/2001 to 01/10/2009 were retrospectively reviewed. A modified version of the Breast Evaluation Questionnaire was used to assess patients satisfaction with the procedure.Results:Twenty-nine patients and a total of 53 breasts were operated on during the study period. Patients underwent either liposuction alone (6 breasts - 11.3%), excision alone (37 breasts - 69.8%) or both excision and liposuction (10 breasts - 18.9%). Twelve operated breasts (22.6%) experienced some form of complication. Minor complications included seroma (2 patients), superficial wound dehiscence (2 patients) and minor bleeding not requiring theatre (3 patients). Two patients developed haematomas requiring evacuation in theatre. No cases of wound infection, major wound dehiscence or revision surgery were encountered. Twenty-six patients (89.7%) returned the patient satisfaction questionnaire. Patients scored an average 4.12 with regards comfort of their chest in different settings, 3.98 with regards chest appearance in different settings, and 4.22 with regards satisfaction levels for themselves and their partner/family. Overall complication rate was 22.6%. Grade III patients experienced the highest complication rate (35.7%), followed by grade II (22.7%) and grade I (17.6%). Overall complication rates among the excision only group was the highest (29.8%) followed by the liposuction only group (16.7%) and the liposuction and excision group (10.0%). There were high satisfaction rates amongst both patients and surgeon. Eleven patients (37.9%) had their outcome classified as ‘excellent’ by the operating surgeon, 16 patients (55.2%) as ‘good’, 1 (3.4%) as ‘satisfactory’ and 1(3.4%) as ‘poor’.Conclusion:Gynaecomastia is a complex condition which poses a significant challenge to the plastic surgeon. Despite the possible complications our case series demonstrates that outcomes of operative correction can be favourable and yield high levels of satisfaction from both patient and surgeon.

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“…Liposuction along with gland excision and skin excision is offered for grade 3 and for some cases of 2b. [10121314]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-chest liposuction in gynaecomastia

Murali¹,

Vijayaraghavan²,

Kishore³

et al. 2011

Indian J Plast Surg

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Background:Gynaecomastia is usually treated with liposuction or liposuction with excision of the glandular tissue. The type of surgery chosen depends on the grade of the condition.Objective:Because gynaecomastia is treated primarily as a cosmetic procedure, we aimed at reducing the invasiveness of the surgery.Materials and Methods:The technique complies with all recommended protocols for different grades of gynaecomastia. It uses liposuction, gland excision, or both, leaving only minimal post-operative scars. The use of cross-chest liposuction through incisions on the edge of the areola helps to get rid of all the fat under the areola without an additional scar as in the conventional method.Results:This is a short series of 20 patients, all with bilateral gynaecomastia (i.e., 40 breasts), belonging to Simon's Stage 1 and 2, studied over a period of 2 years. The average period of follow-up was 15 months. Post-operative complications were reported in only two cases, with none showing long-term complications or issues specifically due to the procedure.Conclusions :Cross-chest liposuction for gynaecomastia is a simple yet effective surgical tool in bilateral gynaecomastia treatment to decrease the post-operative scars. The use of techniques like incision line drain placement and post-drain removal suturing of wounds aid in decreasing the scar.

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Gynecomastia

Abstract: Skin-sparing operations should be the initial procedure chosen for most grade III gynecomastia patients.

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Gynaecomastia correction: A review of our experience

Cross-chest liposuction in gynaecomastia

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