Gynecomastia

Amrikachi, Mojghan; Green, Linda K.; Rone, R; Ramzy, Ibrahim

doi:10.1159/000328369

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…(6,7,10,11) Cytological atypia remains a commonly encountered dilemma in cytological diagnosis. In our study 14 cases (13.6%) of gynecomastia presented cytologically with atypical or hyperplastic changes, Amrikachi et al 2001 (16) recorded atypia in nine out of 100 cases of gynecomastia (9%), and reported that apocrine metaplasia and epithelial atypia are common findings in gynecomastia; adding that attention should be directed towards the pattern of cells. The presence of sheets of benign-looking ductal cells and the absence of atypical single scattered cells could point to the correct diagnosis.…”

Section: Family Historysupporting

confidence: 53%

Male Breast Lesions: A review of 124 cases diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

Al-Atrooshi,

Talal,

AL-Alwan

2008

JFacMedBagdad

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Background:Gynecomastia and breast cancer are the two most common diseases of the male breast. Most other diseases found in male breast arise from the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Male breast cancer is relatively rare, in contrast to gynecomastia, which is relatively common. Objectives: The aim of this report is to determine the prevalence of the different breast lesions among males; based upon the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology . Patients and method:This study was carried out within the Main Referral Training Center for Early Detection of Breast Tumors, Medical City Teaching Hospital, Baghdad (from the beginning of January 2003 till the end of November 2007). One hundred twenty four males presenting with different breast lesions were included; all were subjected to physical breast examination, ultrasonography of the breast and fine-needle aspiration. Results:Pathologically, 112 cases (90.3%) were diagnosed as benign lesions, including: 103 cases (83.1%) of gynecomastia, and 9 cases (7.2%) of other miscellaneous benign lesions: six cases (4.8%) diagnosed as inflammatoty conditions [three cases of acute mastitis and three cases of suberolar abscess], two cases (1.6%) diagnosed as granlomatous mastitis, and one case (0.8%) as lipoma. On cytological examination, 14 cases (13.6%) of gynecomastia showed varying degree of cellular atypia. Breast cancer was diagnosed in twelve patients (9.7%); all were infilterative ductal carcinoma. The mean age of patients with gynecomastia was 20.3 years, while it was 61.8 years in breast cancer patients. Sixty six cases (53.2%) of male breast masses were located within the left breast, 47 cases (37.9%) were located within the right breast, while eleven cases (8.9%0) were bilateral (all were gynecomastia). The chief complaints of patients with gynecomastia were as follows: painless mass in 38 cases (30.7%), painful mass in 45 cases (36.3%), pain without mass in 13 cases (10.5), while evidence of bilateral swelling was observed in seven cases (5.6%). Ten patients (8.1%) with breast cancer presented with painless mass, while in only two (1.6%) the chief complaint was painful lump. On ultrasonographic examination of patients with gynecomastia, 58 conditions (46.7%) presented with proliferation of fibroglandular tissue (no definite mass), 35 conditions (28.2%) showed well defined discoid lesions, while in ten cases (8.1%) the findings revealed ill defined retroareolar masses. On the other hand, in patients diagnosed as having male breast carcinoma, the ultrasound findings showed ill defined eccentric masses in eight cases (6.5%) and multiple masses in four (3.2%). Most cases of gynecomastia were idiopathic since patients gave no history of hormonal therapy or exposure to other relevant risk factors. Conclusions:Most palpable masses in the male breast are due to gynecomastia followed by breast carcinoma. Because both present clinically as palpable masses, fine-needle aspiration cytology is extremely useful for the diagnosis.

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Section: Family Historysupporting

confidence: 53%

Male Breast Lesions: A review of 124 cases diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

Al-Atrooshi,

Talal,

AL-Alwan

2008

JFacMedBagdad

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“…Duct epithelial atypia (nuclear enlargement, overlap, pleomorphism or mitotic figures) is seen in up to one quarter of cases and, rarely, may be so severe that malignancy cannot be ruled out. Epithelial atypia is exaggerated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and anabolic drug abuse [127,128]. FNAC of male breast carcinoma, on the other hand, is identical to its female counterpart.…”

Section: Breast Masses In Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indeterminate and Erroneous Fine-Needle Aspirates of Breast with Focus on the ‘True Gray Zone': A Review

2013

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Objective: To review our experience and the literature on inconclusive/erroneous fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of breast with the focus on the ‘true gray zone'. To describe the cytology, differential diagnosis, pitfalls and limitations of common and rare lesions. Study Design: We conducted a literature search focusing on breast FNAs with statistical data of C3 and C4 categories including false-positive and false-negative cases. Similar data from 2003 to 2009 was obtained from our institution. Results: C3 and C4 categories account for 3-17% of breast FNAs. Contributing factors are technical difficulties, inexperienced pathologists interpreting FNAs of breast and overlap of cytologic features of certain benign and malignant conditions; this last, ‘true gray zone' accounts for 2% of cases. Fibroadenoma, proliferative breast lesions, gynecomastia, infiltrating and in situ low-grade adenocarcinomas and tubular, cribriform, lobular and mucinous carcinomas are the most common problematic lesions. Granular cell tumor, adenomyoepithelioma, pregnancy-related lesions, fat necrosis, inflammatory and radiation changes, adenoid cystic carcinoma, spindle-cell lesions and Phyllodes tumor are less common. Conclusion: Inconclusive/erroneous FNAs of breast due to the ‘true gray zone' are rare. Most are due to the overlapping cytologic features of some benign and malignant conditions. Practical features that may help arrive at the correct diagnoses are elucidated.

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“…MBC is a rare condition, accounting for less than 1% of all breast carcinomas, and it's is very rare compared to female breast cancer (4,(28)(29)(30)(31). Usually MBC is diagnosed later in its evolution compared to females, and it tends to have a worse prognosis, mostly because of the delayed initial diagnosis (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Evaluation of Tru-Cut Biopsy and Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology in Male Breast Cancer Detection

Pistolese

Perretta

Claroni

et al. 2020

In Vivo

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Background: Male breast-cancer (MBC) is often diagnosed late. Our purpose was to evaluate fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) versus Tru-Cut biopsy (TCNB) in MBC diagnosis. Patients and Methods: Men with suspicious breast lesions were prospectively enrolled; 54 met the inclusion criteria and underwent FNAC and TCNB. FNAC, TCNB and gold-standard results were compared. Results: Unsatisfactory results were 11.1% after FNAC and none after TCNB (p=0.027). After gold-standard evaluation, the diagnosis of FNAC and TCNB was confirmed, respectively, in 63.0% and 98.1% and changed in 37.0% and 1.9% (p<0.001). The malignancy rate after FNAC, TCNB and surgery were, respectively, 25.9%, 33.3% and 35.1% (FNAC vs. TCNB p=0.5276, FNAC vs. surgery p=0.404; TCNB vs. surgery p=1). Among invasive carcinomas, 93.8% were identified by FNAC vs. 87.5% by TCNB (p=1); all ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were detected after TCNB and none after FNAC (p=0.1). Conclusion: FNAC leads to a significantly higher number of inadequate samplings and seems to be subject to increased DCIS misdiagnoses. TCNB correlated better to the final histological report.

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Gynecomastia

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Male Breast Lesions: A review of 124 cases diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

Male Breast Lesions: A review of 124 cases diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

Indeterminate and Erroneous Fine-Needle Aspirates of Breast with Focus on the ‘True Gray Zone': A Review

A Prospective Evaluation of Tru-Cut Biopsy and Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology in Male Breast Cancer Detection

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