“…Coal gasification is generally carried out in one of three types of reactors classified according to solid feedstock movement: fixed-bed [4,5], fluidized-bed [6,7], and entrained-flow bed reactors [8][9][10]. Among the three gasification technologies, the fluidized bed permits higher fuel flexibility with the possibility to gasify coal [11], biomass [12,13], and other municipal solid waste [14,15] at high ash fusion temperature (AFT, flow temperature (FT) of >1400°C). Thus, increasing attention has been given to its development worldwide, especially in China, where high-AFT coal accounts for more than 50% of coal reserves [16].…”