H2S biosynthesis and catabolism: new insights from molecular studies

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has profound biological effects within living organisms and is now increasingly being considered alongside other gaseous signalling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Conventional use of pharmacological and molecular approaches has spawned a rapidly growing research field that has identified H2S as playing a functional role in cell-signalling and post-translational modifications. Recently, a number of laboratories have reported the use of siRNA methodologies and genetic mouse models to mimic the loss of function of genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of H2S within tissues. Studies utilising these systems are revealing new insights into the biology of H2S within the cardiovascular system, inflammatory disease, and in cell signalling. In light of this work, the current review will describe recent advances in H2S research made possible by the use of molecular approaches and genetic mouse models with perturbed capacities to generate or detoxify physiological levels of H2S gas within tissues.

Regulators of the transsulfuration pathway

“…Since CDO acts directly on cysteine, it can modulate H 2 S production by influencing substrate availability. Mice lacking CDO have elevated cysteine and H 2 S production capacity (Jurkowska et al ., ; Rose et al ., ). Taurine plays a role in osmoregulation, immunomodulation, neuromodulation, Ca 2+ homeostasis, ocular function and possesses antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects (Schaffer and Kim, ).…”

Genome Insights of the Plant-Growth Promoting Bacterium Cronobacter muytjensii JZ38 With Volatile-Mediated Antagonistic Activity Against Phytophthora infestans

“…Genes required for assimilatory sulfate reduction (H 2 S production) were present in JZ38 (cysND, cysC, cysH, cysJI) ( Supplementary Table S22). In addition, genes encoding enzymes cystathionine β synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CTH) involved in other possible pathways for H 2 S production were also present ( Supplementary Table S22) (Dias and Weimer, 1998;Rose et al, 2017). Bacterial production of other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as acetoin and 2,3-butanediol, have also been shown to promote plant growth (Ryu et al, 2003).…”

Activation of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Synthesis Inhibits Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening and Restores Constitutive No-Synthase Coupling in Old Rat Heart

“…Сірководень (H 2 S) -третій газоподібний медіатор, який ідентифікований у ссавців разом з оксидом азоту (NO) і монооксидом вуглецю (CO). Як сигнальна молекула він виконує численні важливі для життєдіяльності функції з різними біохімічними і фізіологічними ефектами [1,2]. Показано, що за фізіологічних концентрацій ця молекула ендогенно синтезується в організмі у процесі метаболізму сірковмісної амінокислоти L-цистеїну піридоксаль-5-фосфатзалежними ферментами, а саме цистатіонін-γ-ліазою і цистатіонін-ß-синтазою, що знаходяться в цитоплазмі клітин, а також мітохондріальною 3-меркаптопіруватсульфуртрансферазою, кон'югованою з цистеїнамінотрансферазою [3,4].…”