Habitat amount partially affects physiological condition and stress level in Neotropical fruit-eating bats

Miguel, Pedro; Kerches‐Rogeri, Patrícia; Niebuhr, Bernardo Brandão; Alves, Rafael Souza Cruz; Ribeiro, Milton Cézar; Cruz‐Neto, Ariovaldo P.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110537

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, we must be cautious because higher N/L ratios might be detrimental to bat´s health due to their association with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species [83]. Although this result underscores previous observation that this species is resilient to anthropogenic changes [84], we do not rule out that a longerterm exposure to these factors and/or increased magnitude could alter the direction and magnitude of this responses, health status and consequently the host-pathogen interaction. Chronic stress can decrease number and functions of immune cells and /or enhance the effects of immunosuppressive mechanisms leading to immune suppression [85].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Combined effects of ambient temperature and food availability on induced innate immune response of a fruit-eating bat (Carollia perspicillata)

Viola,

Herrera M.,

Cruz-Neto

2024

PLoS ONE

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Resilience of mammals to anthropogenic climate and land-use changes is associated with the maintenance of adequate responses of several fitness-related traits such as those related to immune functions. Isolated and combined effects of decreased food availability and increased ambient temperature can lead to immunosuppression and greater susceptibility to disease. Our study tested the general hypothesis that decreased food availability, increased ambient temperature and the combined effect of both factors would affect selected physiological and behavioral components associated with the innate immune system of fruit-eating bats (Carollia perspicillata). Physiological (fever, leukocytosis and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) and behavioral (food intake) components of the acute phase response, as well as bacterial killing ability of the plasma were assessed after immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 10 mg/kg) in experimental groups kept at different short-term conditions of food availability (ad libitum diet or 50% food-deprived) and ambient temperature (27 and 33°C). Our results indicate that magnitude of increase in body temperature was not affected by food availability, ambient temperature or the interaction of both factors, but the time to reach the highest increase took longer in LPS-injected bats that were kept under food restriction. The magnitude of increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was affected by the interaction between food availability and ambient temperature, but food intake, total white blood cell count and bacterial killing ability were not affected by any factor or interaction. Overall, our results suggest that bacterial killing ability and most components of acute phase response examined are not affected by short-term changes in food availability and ambient temperature within the range evaluated in this study, and that the increase of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio when bats are exposed to low food availability and high ambient temperature might represent an enhancement of cellular response to deal with infection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Combined effects of ambient temperature and food availability on induced innate immune response of a fruit-eating bat (Carollia perspicillata)

Viola,

Herrera M.,

Cruz-Neto

2024

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…However, we must be cautious because higher N/L ratios might be detrimental to bat’s health due to their association with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species [83]. Although this result underscores previous observation that this species is resilient to anthropogenic changes [84], we do not rule out that a longer-term exposure to these factors and/or increased magnitude could alter the direction and magnitude of this responses, health status and consequently the host-pathogen interaction. Chronic stress can decrease number and functions of immune cells and /or enhance the effects of immunosuppressive mechanisms leading to immune suppression [85].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

COMBINED EFFECTS OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND FOOD AVAILABILITY ON INDUCED INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF A FRUIT-EATING BAT (CAROLLIA PERSPICILLATA)

Viola,

Herrera M.,

Cruz

2023

Preprint

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Resilience of mammals to anthropogenic climate and land-use changes is associated with the maintenance of adequate responses of several fitness-related traits such as those related to immune functions. The combined effects of decrease in food availability (Fa) and an increase in ambient temperature (Ta) can lead to immunosuppression and greater susceptibility to disease. In this study, we measured how selected physiological and behavioral components associated with the innate immune system of fruit-eating bats (Carollia perspicillata) respond to isolated and combined effects of changes in Ta and Fa. We tested the general hypothesis that decreased Fa, increased Ta and the combined effect of both factors would affect bat immune performance. Physiological (fever, leukocytosis and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) and behavioral (food intake) components of the acute phase response (APR), as well as bacterial killing ability of the plasma (BKA) were assessed after immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 10 mg/kg) in experimental groups kept at different short-term conditions of Fa (ad libitum diet or 50% food-deprived) and Ta (27 and 33°C). Our results indicate that magnitude of increase in body temperature was not affected by Fa, Ta or the interaction of both factors, but the time to reach the highest increase took longer in LPS-injected bats that were kept under food restriction. The magnitude of increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L) was affected by the interaction between Fa and Ta, but food intake, total white blood cell count and BKA were not affected by any factor or interaction. Overall, our results suggest that BKA and most components of APR examined are not affected by short-term changes in Fa and Ta within the range evaluated in this study, and that the increase of the N/L ratio when bats are exposed to low Fa and high Ta might represent an enhancement of cellular response to deal with infection.

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“…It could be due to a higher proportion of lymphocytes with longer telomeres relative to other leucocytes in bat blood. Previous studies have shown that lymphocytes in various bat species either exceed the numbers of neutrophils (Miguel et al., 2019; Schneeberger et al., 2013) or were present in equal quantities to neutrophils and can vary according to season and infection (Liudmila et al., 2017; Schneeberger et al., 2013). While season showed no significant differences across tissues, this is probably due to small sample size and is unlikely to reflect differences that might occur from different infection pressures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing: A suitable nonlethal tissue type for repeatable and rapid telomere length estimates in bats

Power

Bertelsen

et al. 2020

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Telomeres are used increasingly in ecology and evolution as biomarkers for ageing and environmental stress, and are typically measured from DNA extracted from nonlethally sampled blood. However, obtaining blood is not always possible in field conditions and only limited amounts can be taken from small mammals, such as bats, which moreover lack nucleated red blood cells and hence yield relatively low amounts of DNA. As telomere length can vary within species according to age and tissue, it is important to determine which tissues serve best as a representation of the organism as a whole. Here, we investigated whether wing tissue biopsies, a rapid and relatively noninvasive tissue collection method, could serve as a proxy for other tissues when measuring relative telomere length (rTL) in the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Telomeres were measured from blood, brain, heart, kidney, liver lung, muscle and wing, and multiple wing biopsies were taken from the same individuals to determine intra‐individual repeatability of rTL measured by using qPCR. Wing rTL correlated with rTL estimates from most tissues apart from blood. Blood rTL was not significantly correlated with rTL from any other tissue. Blood and muscle rTLs were significantly longer compared with other tissues, while lung displayed the shortest rTLs. Individual repeatability of rTL measures from wing tissue was high (>70%). Here we show the relationships between tissue telomere dynamics for the first time in a bat, and our results provide support for the use of wing tissue for rTL measurements.

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Habitat amount partially affects physiological condition and stress level in Neotropical fruit-eating bats

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

Combined effects of ambient temperature and food availability on induced innate immune response of a fruit-eating bat (Carollia perspicillata)

Combined effects of ambient temperature and food availability on induced innate immune response of a fruit-eating bat (Carollia perspicillata)

COMBINED EFFECTS OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND FOOD AVAILABILITY ON INDUCED INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF A FRUIT-EATING BAT (CAROLLIA PERSPICILLATA)

Wing: A suitable nonlethal tissue type for repeatable and rapid telomere length estimates in bats

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