Habitat and food choice of the critically endangered cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) in China: Implications for conservation

Fan, Peng‐Fei; Fei, Han‐Lan; Scott, Matthew B.; Zhang, Wen; Ma, Chuan

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.05.016

Cited by 54 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As well-documented frugivores, fruits (especially ripe fruits), account for more than 50% of gibbons’ diet, except for the more folivorous siamang ( Symphalangus syndactylus ) [63-66]. It is commonly agreed that food choices of primates are correlated with the nutritional and toxic contents [65,67,68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiated adaptive evolution, episodic relaxation of selective constraints, and pseudogenization of umami and sweet taste genes TAS1Rs in catarrhine primates

et al. 2014

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BackgroundUmami and sweet tastes are two important basic taste perceptions that allow animals to recognize diets with nutritious carbohydrates and proteins, respectively. Until recently, analyses of umami and sweet taste were performed on various domestic and wild animals. While most of these studies focused on the pseudogenization of taste genes, which occur mostly in carnivores and species with absolute feeding specialization, omnivores and herbivores were more or less neglected. Catarrhine primates are a group of herbivorous animals (feeding mostly on plants) with significant divergence in dietary preference, especially the specialized folivorous Colobinae. Here, we conducted the most comprehensive investigation to date of selection pressure on sweet and umami taste genes (TAS1Rs) in catarrhine primates to test whether specific adaptive evolution occurred during their diversification, in association with particular plant diets.ResultsWe documented significant relaxation of selective constraints on sweet taste gene TAS1R2 in the ancestral branch of Colobinae, which might correlate with their unique ingestion and digestion of leaves. Additionally, we identified positive selection acting on Cercopithecidae lineages for the umami taste gene TAS1R1, on the Cercopithecinae and extant Colobinae and Hylobatidae lineages for TAS1R2, and on Macaca lineages for TAS1R3. Our research further identified several site mutations in Cercopithecidae, Colobinae and Pygathrix, which were detected by previous studies altering the sensitivity of receptors. The positively selected sites were located mostly on the extra-cellular region of TAS1Rs. Among these positively selected sites, two vital sites for TAS1R1 and four vital sites for TAS1R2 in extra-cellular region were identified as being responsible for the binding of certain sweet and umami taste molecules through molecular modelling and docking.ConclusionsOur results suggest that episodic and differentiated adaptive evolution of TAS1Rs pervasively occurred in catarrhine primates, most concentrated upon the extra-cellular region of TAS1Rs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-014-0079-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiated adaptive evolution, episodic relaxation of selective constraints, and pseudogenization of umami and sweet taste genes TAS1Rs in catarrhine primates

et al. 2014

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“…More than 5 gibbon groups lived in the corridor before 1985, but this population declined to a total of only 4 individuals (a family with 3 individuals and 1 solitary female) in 2008, probably because of habitat degradation and hunting [Fan et al, 2011a]. The family has been followed by our team since 2006.…”

Section: Study Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaoligong). In Nankang, the local people have grown Amomum tsa-oka (also known as cao guo, red cardamom, or tsaoko) in the ravine region for over 30 years, and the cultivated area has been expanding every year, increasing both the frequency and amount of human disturbance [Fan et al, 2011a]. Previous studies have reported about the diet [Zhang et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2010] and habitat [Bai et al, 2007] of gibbons living in Nankang.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Use by Eastern Hoolock Gibbons (<b><i>Hoolock leuconedys</i></b>) in Nankang, Mt. Gaoligong, Southwest Yunnan, China

Bai

Wei

et al. 2019

Folia Primatol

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To understand the differences in space use by eastern hoolock gibbons (Hoolock leuconedys) for meeting different behavioural needs and adapting to a disturbed environment, an eastern hoolock gibbon family in Nankang, Mt. Gaoligong, China, was observed, and data on their behaviour, spatial position and substrate use were collected through instantaneous scanning from October 2, 2010, to September 15, 2011. Our results suggested that connectivity was a primary factor influencing the movements of eastern hoolock gibbons. However, there were differences between spatial location and substrate use with different behaviours. Sitting and hanging were the main resting behaviours, but spatial position and substrate use for these two postures were different. Because tsaoko cultivation in this area has made understory plants rare, gibbons primarily used long, thin, horizontal branches in the first and second layers of the tree canopy for their movement. Although gibbons can selectively use the habitat and alter their spatial utilisation pattern accordingly, they are facing increased difficulty in movement and risk falling because of increased human disturbance and spread of tsaoko plantations. Therefore, it is important to limit the scope of tsaoko plantation to maintain a suitable habitat for Nankang gibbons.

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“…Given the economic benefits of this species, since the 20th century, the wild populations of G. paucinervis , especially the older age-class individuals, have declined drastically because of overcutting (Fu, 1992). Moreover, karst landforms have been shown to lead to poor seed germination and to limit seed dispersal (Fu, 1992; Zhang et al, 2013), thus most species living in karst environments demonstrate deficient population regeneration ability, especially after populations have been destroyed (Fan et al, 2011). Therefore, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, G. paucinervis has been recorded as “endangered” in the China Species Red List (Wang and Xie, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of microsatellite markers in Garcinia paucinervis (Clusiaceae), an endangered species of karst habitats

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2017

Appl Plant Sci

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Premise of the study:Microsatellite markers were developed for Garcinia paucinervis (Clusiaceae), an endangered and endemic tree species of karst habitats, to analyze its genetic diversity and genetic structure.Methods and Results:Using shotgun sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform, a total of 22 microsatellite primer sets were characterized, of which 17 were identified as polymorphic. For these polymorphic loci, the total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 12 across 54 individuals from three populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.850, respectively. No pair of loci showed significant linkage disequilibrium. Three loci in one population deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). Seven loci (JSL3, JSL5, JSL22, JSL29, JSL32, JSL39, and JSL43) were successfully amplified in G. bracteata.Conclusions:These markers will be useful in studies on genetic diversity and population structure of G. paucinervis.

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Habitat and food choice of the critically endangered cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) in China: Implications for conservation

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Differentiated adaptive evolution, episodic relaxation of selective constraints, and pseudogenization of umami and sweet taste genes TAS1Rs in catarrhine primates

Differentiated adaptive evolution, episodic relaxation of selective constraints, and pseudogenization of umami and sweet taste genes TAS1Rs in catarrhine primates

Space Use by Eastern Hoolock Gibbons (<b><i>Hoolock leuconedys</i></b>) in Nankang, Mt. Gaoligong, Southwest Yunnan, China

Development of microsatellite markers in Garcinia paucinervis (Clusiaceae), an endangered species of karst habitats

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