Habitat Selection and Management of the Hawaiian Crow

Giffen, J.G.; Scott, James M.; Mountainspring, Stephen

doi:10.2307/3801038

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Hawaiian Crow spends spring and sum- Lockie (1959), andHolyoak (1968). This wide mer at higher elevations than in fall and winter array of available foods suggests that adult (Giffin et al 1987). They suggested that seasonal Hawaiian Crows are no different than congeneric species in providing nourishment for their young.…”

Section: Amount Of Protein Food Consumed By Hawaiianmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variety and Nutritional Value of Foods Consumed by Hawaiian Crow Nestlings, an Endangered Species

Sakai

Carpenter

1990

The Condor

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Research was conducted to determine the food habits of Hawaiian Crow (Corvus hawaiiensis) nestlings, variety of food items ingested relative to their age, and the nutritional composition of ingested fruits. Knowledge of the fruits' nutritive value and the nestlings' diet allowed us to determine what plants best meet nutritional needs of adult and nestling crows for restocking purposes. Our evaluation of fecal droppings suggested that nestlings were fed a variety of items similar to those ingested by adults. The types and proportions of food materials found in droppings changed with age. Crow nestlings' consumption of olapa (Cheirodendron trigynum) and oha-kepau (Clermontia spp.) fruits, passerine nestlings, and a variety of arthropods made up the highest percentage of food items found in droppings. Food items eaten by Hawaiian Crow nestlings generally had a high water content but varied greatly in nutrient density. Crude protein ranged from 1.81% in the hoawa (Pittosporum hosmeri) seed shell to 16.32% in the aiea (Nothocestrum longifolium) fruit. Fat content, gross energy content, fiber fractions, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and mineral levels varied greatly among fruit types. In general, the higher the fat content, the higher the energy density, and the lower the fiber fraction.

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Section: Amount Of Protein Food Consumed By Hawaiianmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variety and Nutritional Value of Foods Consumed by Hawaiian Crow Nestlings, an Endangered Species

Sakai

Carpenter

1990

The Condor

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“…2). Throughout the 1900s and into the 21st century, 'Alalā populations declined and became increasingly fragmented due to multiple factors including persecution, habitat loss, and predation and disease transmission by invasive species (Henshaw 1902, Perkins 1903, Munro 1960, Giffin et al 1987, Banko et al 2002. Despite the protection afforded by its status on the U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed dispersal by a captive corvid: the role of the ‘Alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis) in shaping Hawai‘i's plant communities

Culliney

Pejchar

Switzer

et al. 2012

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Species loss can lead to cascading effects on communities, including the disruption of ecological processes such as seed dispersal. The endangered 'Alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis), the largest remaining species of native Hawaiian forest bird, was once common in mesic and dry forests on the Big Island of Hawai'i, but today it exists solely in captivity. Prior to its extinction in the wild, the 'Alalā may have helped to establish and maintain native Hawaiian forest communities by dispersing seeds of a wide variety of native plants. In the absence of 'Alalā, the structure and composition of Hawai'i's forests may be changing, and some large-fruited plants may be dispersal limited, persisting primarily as ecological anachronisms. We fed captive 'Alalā a variety of native fruits, documented behaviors relating to seed dispersal, and measured the germination success of seeds that passed through the gut of 'Alalā relative to the germination success of seeds in control groups. 'Alalā ate and carried 14 native fruits and provided germination benefits to several species by ingesting their seeds. Our results suggest that some plants rely heavily on 'Alalā for these services. In captivity, juvenile birds displayed seed dispersal behaviors more often than adult birds for most fruiting plants in our study. We introduced captive 'Alalā to two large-fruited, dry-forest plants, not previously recorded as 'Alalā food resources, but which may once have been part of their natural diet. The seed dispersal behavior that 'Alalā displayed toward these species supports the inclusion of dry and mesic forests in 'Alalā habitat restoration plans and adds weight to the idea that plant dispersal limitation may contribute to the rarity of these plants. Our study provides evidence that 'Alalā have the capacity to play a vital role in maintaining the diversity of fruiting plants in native Hawaiian forests through seed dispersal and enhanced seed germination, thus adding greater urgency to efforts to restore 'Alalā to their former range.

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“…The Hawaiian crow was abundant on Hawaii in the 19th century, yet its numbers have steadily declined since at least 1900. From hundreds in the 1960s, numbers plummeted to 76 birds in 1978, and to perhaps 10 in 1986 (Giffin et al 1987). Observers were able to locate only two crows in the wild in the spring of 1987 ( Figure 8).…”

Section: Perching Birdsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Loss of habitat, introduced predators, and diseases have taken their toll. Eight birds in captivity on M.aui provide a minimal core population for a breeding program, and efforts have begun to secure habitat for them with the creation of a 1740-hectare state sanctuary for forest birds on Hualalai, Hawaii (Giffin et al 1987). …”

Section: Perching Birdsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Conservation of Hawaii's Vanishing Avifauna: Hawaiian Birds Provide One of the Best, and Most Spectacular, Showcases of Divergent Evolution

Scott¹,

Kepler²,

Riper³

et al. 1988

BioScience

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Habitat Selection and Management of the Hawaiian Crow

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

The Variety and Nutritional Value of Foods Consumed by Hawaiian Crow Nestlings, an Endangered Species

The Variety and Nutritional Value of Foods Consumed by Hawaiian Crow Nestlings, an Endangered Species

Seed dispersal by a captive corvid: the role of the ‘Alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis) in shaping Hawai‘i's plant communities

Conservation of Hawaii's Vanishing Avifauna: Hawaiian Birds Provide One of the Best, and Most Spectacular, Showcases of Divergent Evolution

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