Distributional records and ecological data for the black fly Simulium erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776) of the subgenus Boophthora Enderlein, 1925 (Diptera: Simuliidae) are reported for the first time from Armenia. Developmental stages and adults were found at six sites in 2010. The Armenian populations were characterized morphologically, cytogenetically, and by DNA sequence, revealing close similarities to European populations.