Habituation and Dishabituation of Responses Innervated by the Autonomic Nervous System

Graham, Frances K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-549801-2.50011-4

Cited by 154 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 126 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, it is well established that while a variety of nonaversive stimuli may elicit "flinching" in animals, habituation generally occurs fairly rapidly when nonaversive stimuli are involved and very little habituation occurs when inherently aversive stimuli are involved (Barnett, 1963, p. 141;Graham, 1973). The fact that the .1-sec, .25-rnA shock continued to reliably elicit a "flinch" in all animals throughout thousands of exposures does EXPERIMENT 2 than did Rollman's (1%9) but found steeper slopes of the ROC functions, indicating that the disparate results are due to some qualitative differences between the two studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of shock discrimination in rats with signal detection theory

Grilly

Genovese

1979

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nociception in six rats was evaluated with signal detection theory (TSD) techniques using a modified "yes-no" paradigm. A .l-sec•.075-mA shock was the discriminative stimulus for a choice to one side of a Tvmaze, and a .l-sec•.25-mA shock (capable of reliably eliciting a "flinch") was the discriminative stimulus for the opposite choice. Response bias was manipulated through differential reinforcement for the two choices. and signal sensitivity was manipulated by varying the intensity of the higher intensity shock signal. Individual detection ROCs appeared linear with slopes of one when plotted on double-probability scales. Indices of signal sensitivity and response bias were independent. as predicted by TSD. Morphine sulfate (4 mglkg) significantly reduced d' but did not affect (1, suggesting that. if appropriate parameters are used, TSD analyses may have value in assessing nociception in rats.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of shock discrimination in rats with signal detection theory

Grilly

Genovese

1979

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The specific stimulus properties that confer salience in a stimulus-driven manner have been documented in the autonomic orienting literature (Sokolov, 1963) and include stimulus intensity (Edwards, 1974;James and Hughes, 1969), stimulus novelty (Berlyne et al, 1963;Siddle et al, 1983), and the degree of contrast between a stimulus and its sensory background (Ben-Shakhar et al, 2000;Lyytinen et al, 1992). Another property that confers stimulus-driven salience, and the focus of the present report, is inter-stimulus interval (ISI) which is related to a stimulus′ rarity (Gatchel and Lang, 1974;Graham, 1973). In general, "stimulus-driven" salience is to be distinguished from "task-driven" salience, the latter being voluntarily assigned by an individual′s top-down allocation of selective attention (Kastner and Ungerleider, 2000;Schneider and Shiffrin, 1977;Theeuwes, 1994;van Zoest and Donk, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Gamma and beta neural activity evoked during a sensory gating paradigm: Effects of auditory, somatosensory and cross-modal stimulation

Kisley

Cornwell

2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective.-Stimulus-driven salience is determined involuntarily, and by the physical properties of a stimulus. It has recently been theorized that neural coding of this variable involves oscillatory activity within cortical neuron populations at beta frequencies. This was tested here through experimental manipulation of inter-stimulus interval (ISI).Methods.-Non-invasive neurophysiological measures of event-related gamma (30-50 Hz) and beta (12-20 Hz) activity were estimated from scalp-recorded evoked potentials. Stimuli were presented in a standard "paired-stimulus" sensory gating paradigm, where the S1 (conditioning) stimulus was conceptualized as long-ISI, or "high salience," and the S2 (test) stimulus as short-ISI, or "low salience." Three separate studies were conducted: auditory stimuli only (N=20 participants), somatosensory stimuli only (N=20), and a cross-modal study for which auditory and somatosensory stimuli were mixed (N=40).Results.-Early (20-150 ms) stimulus-evoked beta activity was more sensitive to ISI than temporally-overlapping gamma band activity, and this effect was seen in both auditory and somatosensory studies. In the cross-modal study, beta activity was significantly modulated by the similarity (or dissimilarity) of stimuli separated by a short ISI (0.5 s); a significant cross-modal gating effect was nevertheless detected.Conclusions.-With regard to the early sensory-evoked response recorded from the scalp, the interval between identical stimuli especially modulates beta oscillatory activity.Significance.-This is consistent with developing theories regarding the different roles of temporally-overlapping oscillatory activity within cortical neuron populations at gamma and beta frequencies, particularly the claim that the latter is related to stimulus-driven salience.

show abstract

“…Habituation is generally faster and more pronounced when stimuli are delivered in a fixed manner rather than in a variable manner (e.g., Broster & Rankin, 1994;M. Davis, 1970;Laming & McKinney, 1990;Mackworth, 1968; but see also Graham, 1973). In Experiment 2, within-session decreases in responding were compared between several f ixed-ratio (FR) and variable-ratio (VR) schedules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Habituation may contribute to within-session decreases in responding under high-rate schedules of reinforcement

Aoyama

McSweeney

2001

Animal Learning & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that habituation contributes to within-session decreases in responding. In Experiment 1, rats' leverpressing was reinforced under a fixed ratio (FR) 4 schedule throughout the baseline sessions. During the dishabituation sessions, the first 21 min and the last 21 min were FR 4; dishabituating events occurred during the middle 3 min. The dishabituating events altered the manner of reinforcer delivery in four different ways. Response rates increased after all dishabituating events. In Experiment 2, rats responded on several FR and variable ratio (VR) schedules. The ratio requirement varied from 3 to 15. Within-session decreasesin responding were steeper during FR schedules than during VR schedules. In addition, response rates were well described as linear functions of cumulative number of food pellets eaten within sessions. These results support the habituation hypothesis but do not rule out the possibility that other satiety variables might contribute simultaneously.

show abstract

Habituation and Dishabituation of Responses Innervated by the Autonomic Nervous System

Cited by 154 publications

References 126 publications

Assessment of shock discrimination in rats with signal detection theory

Assessment of shock discrimination in rats with signal detection theory

Gamma and beta neural activity evoked during a sensory gating paradigm: Effects of auditory, somatosensory and cross-modal stimulation

Habituation may contribute to within-session decreases in responding under high-rate schedules of reinforcement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About