Habitus políticos en la región de Antofagasta. Una propuesta metodológica

Abstract

ResumenEste trabajo estudia la estructuración de la subjetividad política en la región de Antofagasta, situada en el norte de Chile, en un contexto socioeconómico prototípicamente neoliberal. A partir de una muestra de treinta relatos de vida sometidos a un análisis sociológico del discurso, se construye un conjunto de tipologías que son denominadas habitus políticos. En el análisis, se identifican cuatro experiencias vitales fundamentales en la estructuración de estos habitus políticos: el posicionamiento familiar en el conflicto histórico (golpe de Estado y dictadura miliar), la clase social, la trayectoria social y la trayectoria espacial. Se concluye que la relación con el orden social es prediscursiva, por lo que resulta necesario sumar el análisis biográfico de las disposiciones políticas (estructuras individuales de subjetividad política) al análisis de los discursos políticos (estructuras sociales de subjetividad política). Pablas clave: Bourdieu; sociología política; neoliberalismo; análisis sociológico del discurso; relatos de vida Abstract. Political habitus in the Antofagasta region: A methodological proposalThis paper studies the structuring of political subjectivity in the Antofagasta Region of northern Chile in a prototypically neoliberal socioeconomic context. Using a sample of thirty life stories and by means of sociological discourse analysis, we construct a set of types called political habitus. The analysis identifies four fundamental life experiences that structure these political habitus: the relative positioning in the historical conflict (coup and military dictatorship), the social class, the social trajectory and the spatial trajectory. We conclude that the relationship with the social order is pre-discursive. Hence, it is necessary to add the biographical analysis of political provisions (individual structures of political subjectivity) to the analysis of political discourse (social structures of political subjectivity).

Commodification in Urban Planning: Exploring the Habitus of Practitioners in a Neoliberal Context

“…For this research, an operability of the habitus has been adopted based on the contributions of Luis Rodrigo (Benito and Miguel 2012;Rodrigo 2015), who states that habitus are theoretical constructions in the form of typologies composed of empirical data and, thus, constitute ideal types that seek to highlight common characteristics that could be found in other agents of reality. Purity as a possibility of results is rejected, since its composition is based on subjective dimensions associated with the agents' perception and objective dimensions based on their experience (Rodrigo 2015). In this case, urbanistic habitus will be understood as the subjective dispositions of urban planners to operate and relate within a neoliberal social order.…”

“…Within Bourdieu's broad methodological contributions, habitus is inscribed within the theory of action, where agents acquire autonomy levels arising from adopting field rules, assuming a strategic disposition towards decisions (Silvina Daldi 2018). Thus, habitus is a social product of socio-historical origin that, having certain structures, operates as a social producer, enabling the continuity of certain agents' ways of doing in the social world (Rodrigo 2015).…”