Haematological changes and wound healing effects of sildenafil citrate in diabetic albino rats

Abstract

This study presents baseline data on the effect of sildenafil citrate on some of the haematological and biochemical parameters in wistar rats with diabetes and wound formation. Forty two albino rats weighing between 139 and 225 g were separated at random into seven groups (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) of six rats per group. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in groups A, B, C and D by a single intra-peritoneal injection of 130 mg/kg Alloxan. Rats in group A were treated with orally dose of 50 mg/kg sildenafil citrate for 21 days and rats in group B were administered 10 IU of insulin intramuscularly once and sildenafil citrate as in Group A. The rats in group C were treated with a single dose of 10 IU of insulin intramuscularly, and rats in group D with only distilled water. Groups E and F were normal rats with wounds similar to those of diabetic rats in the previous groups and each rat in group E was also treated with sildenafil citrate as in Group A and those in group F were treated with only distilled water. Group G were normal rats without wound treated with sildenafil citrate as in Group A. Blood samples were taken before (day 0) and after the administration of the sildenafil citrate on day 7, 14 and 21. The results of the study showed significant decreased in red blood cells count from 6.28 ± 0.46 × 10 6 to 2.81 ± 0.46 × 10 6 in diabetic rats during the 14 days of treatment with sildenafil citrate, however, there was an indication that continues treatment for up to 21 days reduced the blood glucose and increased the red blood cells count and this may be an indication that sildenafil citrate improves insulin mediated glucose pathways.

Platelet-rich plasma and/or sildenafil topical applications accelerate and better repair wound healing in rats through regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and collagen/TGF-β1 pathway

“…The ability of topical formulation of PRP and/or SCH in inflammatory and remodeling phases was analyzed via evaluation of hydroxyproline, collagen total protein, and DNA levels on the 7th and 14th days of wound induction. Remodeling (maturation) phase, TGF-β1 formation, and deposition of the extracellular matrix displayed an advanced augmentation and reorganization of collagen fibers from type III to type I (scar tissues), thereby insuring long-length wound strength (Mahre et al 2017). Our data disclosed that PRP and/or SCH induced overexpression in the level of tissue hydroxyproline on the 7th day (Hosseini Mansoub et al 2018;Hsu et al 2013;Jamshidzadeh and Azarpira 2011;Lee et al 2019;Saad Setta et al 2011).…”

“…The hematological changes could be attributed to inflammation as an initial response to injury (Situm et al 2007), which is localized to the site of injury and generalized as systemic physio-biochemical interchanges to prevent possible microbial infection of the wound and to stimulate cytokine release (Velnar et al 2009). Initiation of the inflammatory response arises principally via stimulated blood monocytes and tissue macrophages at the wound site and then induced inflammatory factors causing systemic changes (Mahre et al 2017). The sustained hematological changes in the control group till the 14th day of wound induction may contribute to the enhanced effect of PRP and/or SCH on the healing process via accelerating shifting from inflammation to connective tissue deposition phase.…”

“…It enhances the concentration of nitric oxide which in turn raises the cellular cGMP amount. Increased smooth muscle relaxation and enhanced target tissues flowing of blood happen as an outcome of the cGMP gathering (Mahre et al 2017). By avoiding the cGMP breakdown, sildenafil citrate is considered to be an angiogenesis potent stimulator (Cakmak et al 2014).…”

The Wound Healing Potential of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams (Asteraceae)

“…At different concentrations, A. africana also showed varied stimulating effects on haematological parameters including white and red blood cells due to the enormous micronutrients found in the plant [77]. Indeed, increased haematological changes especially in the red blood cells count are known to result in increased level of oxygen supply to the wounds resulting in faster wound healing [78]. Additionally, the wound healing ability of A. africana has also heavily been attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity resulting in inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis, decreased vascular permeability, inhibition of neutrophil migration into inflamed tissues, and stimulation of lymphocyte accumulation, thus enhancing tissue repair and healing [12].…”

Isolation and Characterization of Wound Healing Compounds from Chloroform Extract of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis)

“…Struktur Asam Sitrat Pengaplikasian lain derivat dari senyawa asam sitrat yang ditemui dalam dunia medis adalah penggunaan senyawa sildenafil sitrat dalam penyembuhan luka diabetes. Mahre et.al (2017)melaporkan bahwa derivat dari senyawa sitrat ini dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa pada darah dan meningkatkan kadar sel darah merah yang di uji coba kan pada tikus penderita diabetes 66.…”