Haematopoiesis in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

Abstract

Haematopoiesis in fish and mammals is a complex process, and many aspects regarding its model and the differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) still remain enigmatic despite advanced studies. The effects of microenvironmental factors or HSCs niche and signalling pathways on haematopoiesis are also unclear. This review presents Danio rerio as a model organism for studies on haematopoiesis in vertebrates and discusses the development of this process during the embryonic period and in adult fish. It describes the role of the microenvironment of the haematopoietic process in regulating the formation and function of HSCs/HSPCs (hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells) and highlights facts and research areas important for haematopoiesis in fish and mammals.

miRNA-7145-cuedc2 axis controls hematopoiesis through JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway

“…The location of hematopoiesis in zebra sh is slightly different from that of mammals 10 . Zebra sh embryonic hemangioblasts rstly appear in the anterior lateral mesoderm (ALM) and posterior lateral mesoderm (PLM), which together resemble blood islands in mammalian yolk sacs 1,11 .…”

“…Confusingly, hemangioblasts in PLM mainly differentiate into primitive erythroid. However, hemangioblasts in ALM mainly differentiate into primitive myeloid cells 10 . While the molecular mechanism of these lineages determination remains unknown.…”

Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters: How to Get Fish off the Addictive Hook

“…NOD- and TLR-signalling pathways might be involved in the response of fish to the adverse effects of drug exposure [ 161 ], although direct translation of data from mammal systems to fish should be performed with caution. Even though the Danio rerio model was utilized for studying hematopoiesis and drug transporters, making it a valuable tool for shedding light on inflammatory and toxicological responses [ 162 , 163 ], and it is considered as a relevant model for inflammation due to its high degree of similarity to mammal genome, there still remains a gap. Fish may have incomplete or alternative cell signaling networks due to the absence of some homologs of mammal signaling receptors and other cascade proteins, and some might be under-characterized due to poor annotations of existing genomes [ 129 , 164 ].…”

Zebrafish: A Relevant Genetic Model for Human Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) Disorders?

“…The cells comprising the zebrafish immune system are generated and maintained via distinct waves of hematopoiesis occurring at multiple anatomical sites, as is the case in humans [ 12 ]. Primitive macrophages are produced as part of the so-called ‘primitive’ wave of hematopoiesis, some of which populate the brain to form the microglial population, with a transient ‘intermediate’ wave of hematopoiesis in the posterior blood island, generating neutrophils [ 13 ].…”

“…Primitive macrophages are produced as part of the so-called ‘primitive’ wave of hematopoiesis, some of which populate the brain to form the microglial population, with a transient ‘intermediate’ wave of hematopoiesis in the posterior blood island, generating neutrophils [ 13 ]. Multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) initiate the ‘definitive’ wave of hematopoiesis and sustain the process throughout the lifespan [ 14 ], with these HSCs initially homing to the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), equivalent to the mammalian fetal liver, to produce multiple cell lineages, with lymphocyte precursors generated migrating to the thymus to commence the production of T cells [ 12 , 15 ]. HSCs ultimately populate the kidney marrow, equivalent to the mammalian bone marrow, allowing ongoing production of neutrophils, macrophages and other leukocytes, and later B cells, with full immunity including natural killer (NK) cell populations in place by 4–6 weeks post fertilization [ 12 , 15 , 16 ].…”