“…middle molecules, hydrophobic substances and protein (albumin) bound materials (Krieter et al, 2005;Ahrenholz et al, 2004;Ronco et al, 1999;Kim, 1994;Testa et al, 2006;Meyer et al, 2005;Mandolfo et al, 2006;Kanter et al, 2008). In the presence of ultrapure dialysis fluid which is ultrafiltrated by endotoxin restraint systems (Weber et al, 2000;Canaud et al, 2001;Minetti et al, 1985;Hakim et al, 1984) and biocompatible high flux dialysis membranes the convective diffusive treatment significantly prevents the complement activation (Braun et al, 1995;Savica et al, 2006;Jorres et al, 1999;Hörl et al, 1986) in the first minutes of olHDF session and removes proinflammatory substances (cytokines) too (Bellomo et al, 1991;Filiopoulos et al, 2008;Haas et al, 2007;Libetta et al, 2007;Mariano et al, 2005). The intra and interdialytic inflammations are reduced (Ramirez et al, 2007;Ramirez et al, 2007;Carracedo et al, 2006).…”