Haemoparasite prevalence and Theileria parva strain diversity in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Uganda

Oura, C.A.L.; Tait, Andrew; Asiimwe, Benon B.; Lubega, George W.; Weir, William

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.032

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…by the reverse line blot hybridization assay was initially described by Gubbels and colleagues in 1999. This assay has since been used by several authors to detect these organisms in infected hosts and vectors (Gubbels et al, 2000;Georges et al, 2001;Nijhof et al, 2003Nijhof et al, , 2005Schnittger et al, 2003;Brigido et al, 2004;Nagore et al, 2004;Oosthuizen et al, 2008Oosthuizen et al, , 2009Oura et al, 2011). In our study, the RLB results Hoedspruit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Identification of Theileria parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo) 18S rRNA gene sequence variants in the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa

Chaisi

Sibeko

Collins

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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Theileria parva is the causative agent of Corridor disease in cattle in South Africa. The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is the reservoir host, and, as these animals are important for eco-tourism in South Africa, it is compulsory to test and certify them disease free prior to translocation. A T.parva-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene is one of the tests used for the diagnosis of the parasite in buffalo and cattle in South Africa. However, because of the high similarity between the 18S rRNA gene sequences of T. parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo), the latter is also amplified by the real-time PCR primers, although it is not detected by the T. parva-specific hybridization probes. Preliminary sequencing studies have revealed a small number of sequence differences within the 18S rRNA gene in both species but the extent of this sequence variation is unknown. The aim of the current study was to sequence the 18S rRNA genes of T. parva and Theileria sp.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Identification of Theileria parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo) 18S rRNA gene sequence variants in the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa

Chaisi

Sibeko

Collins

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Theileria sp. (buffalo) was found in African buffalo in Uganda, Kenya and southern Africa, with no substantive reports that cattle can be infected (Oura et al 2004(Oura et al , 2011Pienaar et al 2011a). Theileria sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the case of T. parva and T. taurotragi, which shares the same tick vector and cattle as vertebrate hosts, but also specifically infect buffalo and eland, respectively (Bishop et al 2004;Oura et al 2011), host specificity as means of geographic isolation probably played a larger role than genetic incompatibility. This implies that speciation occurred in these species before introduction of cattle into Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic distribution of Theileria sp. (buffalo) and Theileria sp. (bougasvlei) in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa: implications for speciation

et al. 2013

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Strict control measures apply to movement of buffalo in South Africa including testing for Theileria parva, the causative agent of Corridor disease in cattle. The official test is a real-time hybridization PCR assay that amplifies the 18S rRNA V4 hyper-variable region of T. parva, T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei). Mixed infections with the latter organisms affect diagnostic sensitivity due to PCR suppression. While the incidence of mixed infections in the Corridor disease endemic region of South Africa is significant, little information is available on the specific distribution and prevalence of T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei). Specific real-time PCR assays were developed and a total of 1211 samples known to harbour these parasites were screened. Both parasites are widely distributed in southern Africa and the incidence of mixed infections with T. parva within the endemic region is similar (* 25-50%). However, a significant discrepancy exists in regard to mixed infections of T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei) (* 10%). Evidence for speciation between T. sp. (buffalo) and T. sp. (bougasvlei) is supported by phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene, and their designation as different species. This suggests mutual exclusion of parasites and the possibility of hybrid sterility in cases of mixed infections.

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“…The greater genetic diversity in buffalo has been confirmed by whole genome sequencing of DNA isolated from partially purified schizonts from infected T‐cell lines (Hayashida et al., ). Additionally, buffalo are almost invariably infected with multiple parasite genotypes (Oura, Tait, Asiimwe, Lubega, & Weir, 2011a).…”

Section: Theileria Parva Diversity In the Wildlife Reservoir Host Capmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent research on Theileria parva : Implications for the infection and treatment vaccination method for control of East Coast fever

Bishop

Odongo

Ahmed

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The infection and treatment (ITM) live vaccination method for control of Theileria parva infection in cattle is increasingly being adopted, particularly in Maasai pastoralist systems. Several studies indicate positive impacts on human livelihoods. Importantly, the first detailed protocol for live vaccine production at scale has recently been published. However, quality control and delivery issues constrain vaccination sustainability and deployment. There is evidence that the distribution of T. parva is spreading from endemic areas in East Africa, North into Southern Sudan and West into Cameroon, probably as a result of anthropogenic movement of cattle. It has also recently been demonstrated that in Kenya, T. parva derived from cape buffalo can ‘breakthrough’ the immunity induced by ITM. However, in Tanzania, breakthrough has not been reported in areas where cattle co‐graze with buffalo. It has been confirmed that buffalo in northern Uganda national parks are not infected with T. parva and R. appendiculatus appears to be absent, raising issues regarding vector distribution. Recently, there have been multiple field population genetic studies using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) sequences and sequencing of antigen genes encoding targets of CD8+ T‐cell responses. The VNTR markers generally reveal high levels of diversity. The antigen gene sequences present within the trivalent Muguga cocktail are relatively conserved among cattle transmissible T. parva populations. By contrast, greater genetic diversity is present in antigen genes from T. parva of buffalo origin. There is also evidence from several studies for transmission of components of stocks present within the Muguga cocktail, into field ticks and cattle following induction of a carrier state by immunization. In the short term, this may increase live vaccine effectiveness, through a more homogeneous challenge, but the long‐term consequences are unknown.

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Haemoparasite prevalence and Theileria parva strain diversity in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Uganda

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Identification of Theileria parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo) 18S rRNA gene sequence variants in the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa

Identification of Theileria parva and Theileria sp. (buffalo) 18S rRNA gene sequence variants in the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa

Geographic distribution of Theileria sp. (buffalo) and Theileria sp. (bougasvlei) in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in southern Africa: implications for speciation

A review of recent research on Theileria parva : Implications for the infection and treatment vaccination method for control of East Coast fever

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