Hak Menguasai Negara Di Kawasan Hutan: Beberapa Indikator Menilai Pelaksanaannya

Abstract

AbstrakKementerian Kehutanan (sekarang berganti menjadi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan) sedang menjalankan program percepatan pengukuhan kawasan hutan. Tujuannya antara lain menciptakan kawasan hutan yang berkepastian hukum dan berkeadilan. Meskipun demikian, persoalan lebih mendasar dari percepatan pengukuhan kawasan itu adalah memperjelas alas hak penguasaan pemerintah dan masyarakat pada tanah-tanah yang termasuk ke dalam kawasan hutan.Tulisan ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep-konsep hukum terkait dengan penguasaan tanah di dalam kawasan hutan.Bagaimana penguasaan dimaksud dapat memberikan kepastian hukum sekaligus keadilan bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah.Sebagai basis dalam membangun konstruksi ini adalah elaborasi konsep penguasaan negara atas kawasan hutan atau dikenal dengan hak menguasai negara.Bagaimana indikator menilai pelaksanaan hak menguasai negara itu dan bagaimana indikator tersebut digunakan untuk menilai regulasi dan praktik pengukuhan kawasan hutan adalah inti dari tulisan ini.AbstractThe Ministry of Forestry (now merged as Ministry of Environment and Forestry) is currently conducting acceleration of forest area gazettement program. The goal, among others, is to create forest area with legal certainty and justice. Nevertheless, the more fundamental issue than the acceleration of forest area designation is the clarification of government land tenure and public land tenure on lands belong to the forest area. This paper aims to explain legal concepts related to the land tenure in the forest area. How the tenure could give legal certainty and justice at the same time for both society and government. The foundation of this paper is the elaboration of state control over forest areas concept, known as the state right to control. How the indicators used in assessing the implementation of the state right to control and how these indicators are used to assess the regulation and practices of forest area designation are the two core question of this paper.

Land Rights and Agrarian Reform in Forest Areas: A Basis for Sustainable Development

“…However, in reality, human expansion has changed the forest, and people have started to utilize the land inside the forest and its perimeter for their activities, including settlement, agriculture, grazing, and plantations. Not only individual utilization, but other parties such as the Customary Law Community, village government, legal and social organizations, and government agencies also set up land-based activities in the area [26]. This condition, however, triggers conflicts between forest management authorities and the communities, which have been crucial issues in Indonesia [27].…”

“…While the land administration system in Indonesia is only applicable in non-forest areas (that cover only 37% of the total area of Indonesia), attempts to resolve conflicts and disputes related to land utilization and possession in forest areas should be handled in a robust manner. However, Safitri [26] mentioned that land administration in Indonesia has the nature of dualism, when the government acknowledges the existence of Customary rights and community rights to land but at the same time states that all land is under the jurisdiction of the state. On forest area, the government interprets that forest area as state forest area, whereas according to Law No.…”