Two series of polyetherurethanes (PEU) were prepared from poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO, Mn= 1000) as a soft segment and varying concentrations of hard segments based on 1,6‐diisocyanohexane (HDI), and 2,2′‐methyliminodiethanol (MDEA). The liquid‐crystalline PEU cationomers (LC‐PEUCs) were synthesized by quaternization of the tertiary amine of MDEA using liquid‐crystalline mesogenic quaternizing agents (LCMQAs). The LCMQAs consisting of a rigid mesogenic azobenzene moiety and biphenyl attached to alkyl bromide as a spacer were synthesized. The quaternization and molecular structure of LC‐PEUCs were ascertained by FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The effects of LCMQAs and degree of quaternization on the liquid‐crystalline behavior, the extent of phase separation, and physical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile testing. All of the LCMQAs exhibited a nematic phase and a smectic mesophase was found for all synthesized LC‐PEUCs.