Half-lives of tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats, monkeys, and humans––a critical review

Geyer, Harald J.; Schramm, Karl‐Werner; Feicht, E.A.; Behechti, A.; Steinberg, Christian E. W.; Brüggemann, Rainer; Poiger, H.; Henkelmann, Bernhard; Kettrup, A.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00030-9

Cited by 94 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Observed differences between people may also be due to longer periods of accumulation of these persistent chemicals. Several studies have shown that levels of the more highly chlorinated dioxins, furans, and PCBs in serum or fat will increase with the age of the population studied (Falk et al, 1999;Geyer et al, 2002;Kang et al, 1997;Luotamo et al, 1991;Patterson et al, 1986). Many of the dioxins, furans and PCBs measured in a representative New Zealand population pooled sampling showed an increasing trend with age .…”

Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Serum levels may be influenced by both past (stored in body fat) and recent exposures, though the current intakes for most people are now low. Half-lives of the dioxins and furans in the body vary from three to 19 years, with the half-life of TCDD estimated at around seven years (Geyer et al, 2002).…”

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Huber

Blount

Mage

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…PCDFs had fallen greater than PCDDs and contributed little to the body burden and so were not included in Table 1. By 1996 PCDD levels had declined significantly in all children of Family 1 even for HpCDD and OCDD, for which human adult half-lives of approximately 100 years have been extrapolated (Geyer et al, 2002). Part of these declines may have been the consequence of increases in body mass and adipose tissue.…”

Section: Pcdd and Pcdf Body Burdensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the environment, food and people (Geyer et al, 2002;Kahn et al, 1988;Needham et al, 1994;Needham et al, 1999;Neuberger et al, 1999;Neubert et al, 1990;Tohyama, 2002) continues to be of concern, but it has proven difficult to ascertain the true risks for human health with respect to the various congeners and mixtures of these contaminants (called here collectively, dioxins), especially at a low dose range (Neubert, 1997/98). Originally, most of the concern was based on experimental evidence showing an excessive toxicity, including some carcinogenicity, of the most potent chemical, 2,3,7,, in the liver of rodents, and in humans on the induction of chloracne (Baccarelli et al, 2005), skin lesions for which a special mouse strain may be a model (Panteleyev et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and the human immune system: 4. Studies on two Spanish families with increased body burdens of highly chlorinated PCDDs

Smith

Hansson

Rodríguez‐Pichardo

et al. 2008

Environment International

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The consequences of exposure of people to highly chlorinated polychlorodibenzop-dioxins (PCDDs) are much less known than those of TCDD. We report on levels of PCDDs (and PCDFs) in 13 members of two families poisoned by contaminated cooking oil. Originally, all persons displayed chloracne as an early symptom.Persisting hexa-and higher chlorinated PCDDs could be analysed many years after exposure. Highest values found in blood lipids were: OCDD 660,000 pg/g; HpCDD 58,000 pg/g; HxCDDs: 3,500 pg/g. None of the participants exhibited increased TCDD levels at the time of study. During a period of 6 years, HpCDD and OCDD disappeared from the blood lipids much faster in persons exposed as children or young adults, than from lipids of their parents. Surface receptors on blood lymphocytes of the members of the two families and the proliferative capacity of these blood cells in the presence of typical stimulants were analysed. Even in family members with the highest body burdens of hexa-to octachlorinated PCDDs we could not detect pronounced changes from a reference population with respect to the immunological markers. Minor deviations of levels of some receptors in a few, but not all, highly exposed persons suggested a similar trend to those reported in previous studies of persons with body burdens of ≥ 3,000 pg TCDD/g blood lipids. An increase in the number of total blood lymphocytes in some subjects exposed as children may have similarity with highly TCDD-exposed children in Seveso.2

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“…To address these questions, we sought to examine the transcriptional changes elicited by complex mixtures of pollutants that accumulate in the human body. Although persistent organochlorines display long half-lives, [23] considerable amounts are transferred across the mammary gland, [6,8] such that the lipid fraction of breast milk contains contaminants at concentrations similar to those in other fatty compartments. As a consequence, breast milk constitutes a convenient and non-invasive matrix to assess the internal burden of lipophilic chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Reprogramming of Human Mammary Cells by Environmental Carcinogens Released into Breast Milk

Dip

Buterin

Wenger³

et al. 2008

Chimia

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Epidemiologic studies indicate that high serum levels of chlorinated pollutants such as dioxins or pesticides constitute a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. This finding has been attributed to the ability of organochlorine compounds to induce the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are thought to increase the burden of genotoxic metabolites. However, it was not clear whether the incriminated pollutants accumulate to sufficiently high levels within the human body to be able to promote significant transcriptional responses. Here, milk samples from nursing mothers were processed by gel permeation chromatography to isolate complex mixtures of residues containing both endogenous hormones and lipophilic contaminants of environmental origin. High-density oligonucleotide microarrays were used to monitor global transcriptional profiles in a human cell line (MCF7) that represents one of the most frequently used model systems to study breast cancer biology. We found that all breast milk extracts were able to reprogram the genome of MCF7 cells by imposing a typically estrogenic expression fingerprint. This estrogenic background was overlapped only by the induction of transcripts coding for CYP1A1 and, to a minor degree, CYP1B1. The magnitude of induction of these metabolic enzymes correlated with the respective organochlorine concentrations. Thus, in support of previous epidemiologic studies, we demonstrate that contaminants released from human adipose tissue trigger a potentially genotoxic pathway in cells from the mammary gland.

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Half-lives of tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats, monkeys, and humans––a critical review

Cited by 94 publications

References 78 publications

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Estimating perchlorate exposure from food and tap water based on US biomonitoring and occurrence data

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and the human immune system: 4. Studies on two Spanish families with increased body burdens of highly chlorinated PCDDs

Genetic Reprogramming of Human Mammary Cells by Environmental Carcinogens Released into Breast Milk

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