Halitosis and helicobacter pylori infection

Abstract

Background:Halitosis is used to describe any disagreeable odor of expired air regardless of its origin. Numerous trials published have investigated the relation between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection and halitosis, and even some regimes of H pylori eradication have been prescribed to those patients with halitosis in the clinic. We conducted a meta-analysis to define the correlation between H pylori infection and halitosis.Objectives:To evaluate whether there is a real correlation between H pylori infection and halitosis, and whether H pylori eradication therapy will help relieve halitosis.Methods:We searched several electronic databases (The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Wanfangdata) up to December 2015. Studies published in English and Chinese were considered in this review. After a final set of studies was identified, the list of references reported in the included reports was reviewed to identify additional studies. Screening of titles and abstracts, data extraction and quality assessment was undertaken independently and in duplicate. All analyses were done using Review Manager 5.2 software.Results:A total of 115 articles were identified, 21 of which met the inclusion criteria and presented data that could be used in the analysis. The results showed that the OR of H pylori infection in the stomach between halitosis-positive patients and halitosis-negative patients was 4.03 (95% CI: 1.41–11.50; P = 0.009). The OR of halitosis between H pylori-positive patients and H pylori-negative patients was 2.85 (95% CI: 1.40–5.83; P = 0.004); The RR of halitosis after successful H pylori eradication in those H pylori-infected halitosis-positive patients was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.08–0.39; P <0.0001), compared with those patients without successful H pylori eradication. And the RR of halitosis before successful H pylori eradication therapy was 4.78 (95% CI: 1.45–15.80; P = 0.01), compared with after successful H pylori eradication therapy.Conclusions:There is clear evidence that H pylori infection correlates with halitosis. H pylori infection might be important in the pathophysiological mechanism of halitosis, and H pylori eradication therapy may be helpful in those patients with refractory halitosis.

Association betweenH. pyloriinfection and health Outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

“…Overall, 3036 articles that met our search criteria were first identified from the seven databases. Sixty articles9–18 27–76 of observational studies were finally selected, covering 88 unique outcomes (figure 1). Fifty-four meta-analyses10–17 28–34 38–40 42–44 47–50 54–60 64–70 72–75 were reanalysed because they did not present all of the results of estimates (i.e.…”

“…Our confidence level in the following was low: H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of HCC,13 biliary lithiasis,73 PUD,10 duodenal ulcer,12chronic hepatitis C,60 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,63 diabetic neuropathy,55 Parkinson’s disease,50 hyperemesis gravidarum,45 fetal growth restriction,72 spontaneous abortion,72 birth defect,72 open-angle glaucoma,71 autoimmune thyroid diseases,67 Grave’s disease,67 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,67 Henoch-Schonlein purpura,64 diabetic nephropathy,56 gastric ulcer,12 alcoholic cirrhosis Europeans,33 and Sjogren’s syndrome29; ammonia levels decrease in patients with cirrhosis 37. Our confidence level in the following was very low: H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer,44 cholangiocarcinoma,14 colorectal cancer75, colon neoplasia,28 chronic tonsillitis,36 ischaemic heart disease,47 MI,15 coronary heart disease,48 arrhythmia,65 chronic bronchitis,57 metabolic syndrome,54 diabetes mellitus,39 type 2 diabetes mellitus,39 chronic atrophic gastritis,11 dyspepsia,9 chronic hepatitis B,59 ischaemic stroke,61 dementia,51 pre-eclampsia,72 iron deficiency anaemia,35 iron deficiency,31 anaemia,26 migraine,52 recurrent aphthous stomatitis,40 chronic urticaria,34 halitosis,31 rosacea,38 laryngeal carcinoma,74 cerebral ischaemia,47 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease57 and psoriasis68; an increase in the following parameters is observed: carotid intima thickness,76 body mass index54 and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance 54…”

Comparison of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM as diagnostic markers of H. pylori infection in children

“…Although previously unexpected to survive in the low pH of the stomach (1–3), H. pylori has been found to play a significant role in the development of peptic ulcers (4, 5). In children, H. pylori infection is considered significant and can lead to various gastrointestinal problems, such as pediatric halitosis (6), peptic ulcer (7), repeated vomiting, iron malabsorption (8, 9), and chronic gastritis (10). Although up to one-third of world’s children population are reportedly infected with H. pylori , infected children are often asymptomatic (11, 12).…”

A Current Approach to Halitosis and Oral Malodor- A Mini Review

“…The researchers concluded the reason for this result might be an increase in the oral prevalence of the VSCs producing periodontopathic microorganisms in the oral cavity with H. pylori colonization. H. pylori infection may be important in the pathophysiological mechanism of halitosis and H. pylori eradication therapy may be useful in patients with halitosis [ 41 ]. Oral malodor can also be caused by FB in the gastrointestinal system.…”