Hallmarks of aging and immunosenescence: Connecting the dots

Rodrigues, Leane Perim; Teixeira, Vitória Rodrigues; Alencar‐Silva, Thuany; Simonassi-Paiva, Bianca; Pereira, Rinaldo Wellerson; Pogue, Robert; Carvalho, Juliana Lott

doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.006

Cited by 98 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…This includes genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication [ 37 ]. A review by Rodrigues et al applied the hallmarks of aging to immunosenescence [ 38 ]. Few causes of immunosenescence that we are briefly introducing in this review include oxidative stress, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), telomere attrition, thymic involution, impaired autophagy, epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, and cellular senescence.…”

Section: Causes and Consequence Of Immunosenescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System

Yeo

Nordin

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Rapid growth of the geriatric population has been made possible with advancements in pharmaceutical and health sciences. Hence, age-associated diseases are becoming more common. Aging encompasses deterioration of the immune system, known as immunosenescence. Dysregulation of the immune cell production, differentiation, and functioning lead to a chronic subclinical inflammatory state termed inflammaging. The hallmarks of the aging immune system are decreased naïve cells, increased memory cells, and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising solution to halt immunosenescence as the cells have excellent immunomodulatory functions and low immunogenicity. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes of the aging immune system and the potential of MSC transplantation as a regenerative therapy for immunosenescence.

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Section: Causes and Consequence Of Immunosenescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System

Yeo

Nordin

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In addition to mitochondrial pathology, the presence of various factors which induce permanent inflammation were equally highlighted and detected as potential causes regarding aging. With this, inflammatory senescence (immunosenescence) became a considered marker and hallmark of aging biology [16,17]. Finally, to fully maintain well-functioning healthy cells and protein networks, an extensive machinery of molecular chaperones, proteases, and many other additional factors are equally required [18,19].…”

Section: Hallmarks Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of the hallmarks of senescence defined numerous potential target points in reversing or influencing age-related degenerative processes [1,7,8,10,16,17,95,96]. To translate these findings regarding the hypoxic heart, it is equally critical to precisely define the targets of the human infarction pathology to successfully inhibit or reverse functional loss.…”

Section: Thymosin Beta-4 Holds Significant Potential To Initiate Organ Regeneration and Repair By Influencing Multiple Senescence Relatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State—New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies

Maar

Hetenyi

Maar

et al. 2021

Cells

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Our dream of defeating the processes of aging has occupied the curious and has challenged scientists globally for hundreds of years. The history is long, and sadly, the solution is still elusive. Our endeavors to reverse the magnitude of damaging cellular and molecular alterations resulted in only a few, yet significant advancements. Furthermore, as our lifespan increases, physicians are facing more mind-bending questions in their routine practice than ever before. Although the ultimate goal is to successfully treat the body as a whole, steps towards regenerating individual organs are even considered significant. As our initial approach to enhance the endogenous restorative capacity by delivering exogenous progenitor cells appears limited, we propose, utilizing small molecules critical during embryonic development may prove to be a powerful tool to increase regeneration and to reverse the processes associated with aging. In this review, we introduce Thymosin beta-4, a 43aa secreted peptide fulfilling our hopes and capable of numerous regenerative achievements via systemic administration in the heart. Observing the broad capacity of this small, secreted peptide, we believe it is not the only molecule which nature conceals to our benefit. Hence, the discovery and postnatal administration of developmentally relevant agents along with other approaches may result in reversing the aging process.

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“…Its aging reflects both intrinsic (or chronological) and extrinsic (such as radiation and pollution exposure) aging processes at the molecular and phenotypic levels [4]. Skin aging is a process accompanied by changes that alter the local microenvironment, such as weakening of the skin barrier and the accumulation of stressed and senescent cells, both of which foster inflammation through the invasion/release of Pathogen-and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns [5]. The consequences of such an altered microenvironment include the Cells 2021, 10, 1323 2 of 21 promotion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), compromising tissue renewal and function, altered cellular interactions [6], and chronic low-grade inflammation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consequences of such an altered microenvironment include the Cells 2021, 10, 1323 2 of 21 promotion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), compromising tissue renewal and function, altered cellular interactions [6], and chronic low-grade inflammation [7]. This sterile inflammatory state, termed inflammaging, develops in several organs with advanced age and is associated with persistent inflammation that ultimately exhausts the skin's defense system [5,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of Aging in Macrophages: Consequences to Skin Inflammaging

Guimarães

Almeida

Santos

et al. 2021

Cells

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The skin is our largest organ and the outermost protective barrier. Its aging reflects both intrinsic and extrinsic processes resulting from the constant insults it is exposed to. Aging in the skin is accompanied by specific epigenetic modifications, accumulation of senescent cells, reduced cellular proliferation/tissue renewal, altered extracellular matrix, and a proinflammatory environment favoring undesirable conditions, including disease onset. Macrophages (Mφ) are the most abundant immune cell type in the skin and comprise a group of heterogeneous and plastic cells that are key for skin homeostasis and host defense. However, they have also been implicated in orchestrating chronic inflammation during aging. Since Mφ are related to innate and adaptive immunity, it is possible that age-modified skin Mφ promote adaptive immunity exacerbation and exhaustion, favoring the emergence of proinflammatory pathologies, such as skin cancer. In this review, we will highlight recent findings pertaining to the effects of aging hallmarks over Mφ, supporting the recognition of such cell types as a driving force in skin inflammaging and age-related diseases. We will also present recent research targeting Mφ as potential therapeutic interventions in inflammatory skin disorders and cancer.

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Hallmarks of aging and immunosenescence: Connecting the dots

Cited by 98 publications

References 139 publications

Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System

Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System

Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State—New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies

Hallmarks of Aging in Macrophages: Consequences to Skin Inflammaging

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