Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State—New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies

Abstract

Our dream of defeating the processes of aging has occupied the curious and has challenged scientists globally for hundreds of years. The history is long, and sadly, the solution is still elusive. Our endeavors to reverse the magnitude of damaging cellular and molecular alterations resulted in only a few, yet significant advancements. Furthermore, as our lifespan increases, physicians are facing more mind-bending questions in their routine practice than ever before. Although the ultimate goal is to successfully treat the body as a whole, steps towards regenerating individual organs are even considered significant. As our initial approach to enhance the endogenous restorative capacity by delivering exogenous progenitor cells appears limited, we propose, utilizing small molecules critical during embryonic development may prove to be a powerful tool to increase regeneration and to reverse the processes associated with aging. In this review, we introduce Thymosin beta-4, a 43aa secreted peptide fulfilling our hopes and capable of numerous regenerative achievements via systemic administration in the heart. Observing the broad capacity of this small, secreted peptide, we believe it is not the only molecule which nature conceals to our benefit. Hence, the discovery and postnatal administration of developmentally relevant agents along with other approaches may result in reversing the aging process.

Thymosin Beta 15 Alters the Spatial Development of Thymic Epithelial Cells

“…As the main sequestering protein family of G-actin, the beta-thymosin family is an important peptide hormone secreted by the subcapsular TECs [ 13 ], which can play a key regulatory role in the immune system by paracrine means, especially in controlling the development and function of T lymphocytes [ 14 , 15 ]. Recent advances in thymus biology have indicated that the complex three-dimensional (3D) network of TECs involves the biological processes of muscle-like contractions, such as actin and myosin [ 16 , 17 ].…”